Human Body Systems
•What Makes a Body?
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Cells- smallest living part of the body
Tissues- 2 or more similar cells
Organs- 2 or more similar tissues
Body Systems- 2 or more organs
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•REVIEW
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Tissues
Cells make ________________.
Tissues
Organs
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_______________ make ___________________.
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______________ make _____________________.
Organs
Body Systems
•4 Main Types of Tissue
• Epithelial-
covers and
protects (skin)
• Nervous-
sends
electrical signals
• Muscle-
produce
movement
• Connective-
joins,
supports, protects,
insulates, nourishes, and
cushions organs
•Skeletal System
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Function:
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Support
Protect
Movement
Components
Bone
Cartilage
Ligament
Joint
•What’s In A Bone?
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2 Types of Bone Tissue:
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Compact Bone- no open spaces.
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Gives bone strength; calcium deposited.
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Blood vessels located here
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Located in long parts of bone
Spongy Bone- open spaces.
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Located on ends of bone
Bone Marrow
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Red Marrow- produces Red Blood Cells (RBC)
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Yellow Marrow- Stores fat
•Growing Bones!
Most bones start soft, rubbery,
and flexible. This is cartilage!
• Located on ends of bones.
• Do not have blood vessels.
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What’s the Point of a Joint?
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Joint- a place where 2 bones meet.
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Allow your body to move when muscles bend
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Some allow for a lot of movement
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Some allow for a little or no movement
Ligament vs. Tendon
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Ligament- bone to bone
Tendon- muscle to bone
Skeletal System
Muscular System
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Function:
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Movement
Over 600 Muscles!
Muscles can be grouped
into 2 categories:
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Voluntary- you can control
Involuntary- you cannot
control
Muscular System
3 Types of Muscle
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Smooth
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Involuntary
Internal organs
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Skeletal
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Muscle tissue
attached to bone
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Cardiac
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Heart only
Muscles Work In Pairs!
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Contracting & Extending
Contract- shortening
Extend- lengthening
If a muscle bends part of
your body, then that muscle
is called a flexor.
If the muscle straightens
part of your body, then it is BICEP
called an extensor.
BICEP
TRICEP
TRICEP
Use It or Lose It!
Muscles that are given
regular exercise cause
an increase in muscle
cells!
Muscles that aren’t
given regular exercise
cause an decrease in
muscle cells!
•Cardiovascular System
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Function-transport
nutrients, gases,
hormones, and waste.
Components
Blood
Blood Vessels- arteries,
veins, capillaries
Heart
What is Blood?
Blood
Blood Cells
Plasma
(45%)
(55%)
Red Blood
Cells
White
Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells vs. White Blood Cells
RBC
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Large quantities
Made in bone marrow
Contains hemoglobin
• Red color
• Allows oxygen to bind
** Platelets
Tiny particles that help clot blood.
WBC
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Keep you healthy
Destroy pathogens
• Bacteria or virus
Made in bone marrow
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4 Chambers
About the size of fist
Upper Chambers- Atrium
Lower Chambers- Ventricle
4 Valves that prevent blood
from flowing back
Heart Video
Your Heart
Blood Vessels
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Artery- blood AWAY
from heart.
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Vein- blood TO heart
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Oxygen rich
Oxygen poor
Capillary- connects
artery to vein
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Thin walls allow for
exchange
Vein or Artery?
Vein or Artery?
Under Pressure
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Force exerted on the wallsBLOOD PRESSURE
Diastolic Pressure:
Pressure in arteries when
ventricles relax.
Systolic Pressure:
pressure in artery when
ventricles contract.
120
80
Respiratory System
Provides cells with
oxygen and removes
carbon dioxide
Lungs-sponge-like.
Bronchioles have thousands
of tiny sacs called alveoli.
Pharynx-throat. Branches
into 2 passages (larynx and
esophagus)
Larynx-voice box.
Trachea-windpipe.
Bronchi-two tubes that go
to each lung. Each tube
branches into thousands of
BRONCHIOLES.
Pharynx
Out With the Bad Air; In With the Good
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Respiration- entire process by which a body obtains
and uses oxygen and gets rid of carbon dioxide and
water.
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Two parts:
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Breathing- involves inhaling and exhaling.
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Cellular Respiration- reactions that release energy from food.
Alveoli Exchange
Respiratory System
• Oxygen passes into capillaries
• Carbon passes from capillaries
into alveoli
How Do You Breath?
Nervous System
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Function- send and receive
messages
Two Parts
Central Nervous•
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Brain & Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous•
Nerves
Neurons are made of:
• Cell Body
• Dendrites- receive
messages from other
neurons and send to
cell body.
• Axons- carry messages
away from cell body.
Neuron- transfer messages.
The Brain
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3 parts
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Cerebrum- largest
• Memory
• Personality
Cerebellum• Controls muscles
• Balance
Brain Stem• Controls functions of
organs
Two Hemispheres:
Right Hemisphere controls left side
of your body.
-Controls activities involving
imagination and creativity.
Left Hemisphere controls right side
of your body.
- Controls speaking, reading,
writing, and solving problems.
•Nervous System
Nervous System Simplified
Nervous
System
Peripheral
Nervous
System
Autonomic
NS
Central
Nervous
System
Somatic NS
Brain
Spinal
Cord
Endocrine System
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Control body
activities by
producing
hormones.
Hormoneschemicals made
by glands.
Gland- group of
cells or organ that
secrete hormone.
Glands at Work
Pituitary Gland: secretes hormones
that affect other glands and organs.
Called the “Master Gland”.
Thyroid Gland: regulates
metabolism (or how fast you burn
food).
Parathyroid Gland: regulates
calcium levels.
Glands at Work
Adrenal Gland: helps body
respond to stress/danger.
Releases adrenaline.
Pancreas: regulates sugar (insulin)
levels and digestive enzymes.
-Diabetes Type 1- produces
little or no insulin.
Thymus Gland: produce
infection fighting cells.
Components
• Mouth
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Small Intestine
• Large Intestine
• Rectum
• Anus
Digestive System
Digestive System
Break down food and remove solid waste.
Breaking It Down
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Digestion- break down of food.
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Mechanical Digestion- chewed, mixed, churned
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Chemical Digestion- chemicals break down large molecules
Enzymes- special substance breaks down nutrients
Organs
Digestive Tract Organs:
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestines
Large Intestines
Rectum
Anus
Accessory Organs:
Tongue
Teeth
Salivary Glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
•Urinary System
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Function- remove liquid
waste
Components
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra