CHAPTER 9
LEARNING
A relatively permanent change in
behavior as a result of experience
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LEARNING
PRINCIPLES
AND APPLICATIONS
OF LEARNING
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OPEN BOOK TO PAGE 241
LET’S READ:
EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY
Why did they choose the purple
pens?
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Pairing a product with pleasant
sensations motivates consumers to make
a choice without an awareness of WHY
they made that choice.
This is how advertisers get you!!
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IVAN PAVLOV
Pavlov called this process conditioningmaking associations between two
events by repeated exposure
In essence you LEARN the response even
if you are totally UNAWARE this
learning took place!
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IN CLASS NOW
1.COMPLETE PAGES 86-88 IN STUDY GUIDE
PACKET (PINK)
2. COMPLETE CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
WORKSHEET (YELLOW)
HOMEWORK: GR 9:1
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LEARNING
1. COMPLETE CRITICAL THINKING ACTIVITY
(GREEN)
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WHAT IS LEARNING?
LEARNING: A relatively
permanent change in behavior
due to an experience
Let’s reflect…
How many positive and negative
experiences have you had in you
life thus far????
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REVIEW
John Watson an early psychologist
believed the proper subject matter of
psychology ought to be observable
behavior.
If you cannot see it you cannot study it!
Behaviorism is born…the psychological
study of observable events
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Behaviorist BELIEVE that individuals
differ in their learning experiences.
They acquire different behaviors
therefore developing different
personalities.
AGREE???
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IVAN PAVLOV
AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
a learning procedure in which
associations are made between a
NATURAL stimulus and a
NEUTRAL stimulus.
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Stimulus – anything in the
environment that one can
respond to
Response – any behavior or
action
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Stimulus-Response Relationship
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Stimulus-Response Relationship
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COMPONENTS OF
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
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1. Neutral stimulus (N)
A neutral stimulus results in
no response
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2. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
A stimulus that triggers an
automatic or reflexive
response
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3. Unconditioned Response (UCR)
The automatic response to the
unconditioned stimulus
Reflexive (not learned)
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4. Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
A stimulus that through learning
has gained the power to cause
a conditioned response
A neutral stimulus (has no
special meaning)
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5. Conditioned Response (CR)
The learned response
Usually the same as the UCR
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Name the 5 parts of classical
conditioning
1. N
2. UCS
3. UCR
4. CS
5. CR
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Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery
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1. Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
A Russian physiologist who
discovered classical
conditioning while doing
experiments on the digestive
system of dogs
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Pavlov’s Method of Collecting
Saliva
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Pavlov’s Research Apparatus
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Pavlov’s Experiment
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Pavlov’s Experiment
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Pavlov’s Experiment
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D. Classical Conditioning
Processes
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1. Acquisition
is the process of developing a learned
response over time.
The timing of the association affects learning
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Example: Taste Aversion
Avoiding specific tastes, because
they are associated with nausea.
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2. Extinction
Is the reverse process of acquisition or
the unlearning of a response
you continuously presenting the CS
without the UCS…
Lets Do The Advanced Problem Activity
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Under what conditions might a conditioned
response (CS) become extinct?
When the participant no longer associates the
conditioned response CS with the unconditioned
response UCS
However.. If the CS is presented later it results in
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3. Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance, after a rest
period, of an extinguished
conditioned response
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4. Generalization
Producing the same response to two
similar stimuli
The more similar the substitute
stimulus is to the original used in
conditioning, the stronger the
generalized response
Example: Little Albert
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Little Albert – Before
Conditioning
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Little Albert – During
Conditioning
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Little Albert – After Conditioning
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Little Albert - Generalization
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5. Discrimination
Producing different responses
to two similar stimuli
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REVIEW
Classical conditioning is a behaviorist
theory because it attempts to understand
behavior in terms of relationships
between observable stimuli and
observable responses.
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CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
1 There is always a specific stimulus (UCS) that elicits a
desired response
2. (UCS) does not depend on the learners response
3. The learner responds to the environment
In contrast, OPERANT CONDITIONING is a process
by which the consequences of a response affect the
likelihood that the response will occur again.
This is what we will study next
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