Week #8 (9/8-9/12)
Warm Up – Mon, 9/8:
- None
Anatomy Fun Fact:
Have out:
Nothing
Pick up:
Nothing
The hardest bone in the human body is the
jawbone.
Homework:
1.
Agenda:
1. Patch Adams movie
2.
Guest Speaker
Thank You – Fri,
9/12
Osseous Tissue
Quiz #1 – Tues,
9/16
Histology of the Skeletal
System: Osseous Tissue
Learning Goal:
Students can describe the basic
histology of the Skeletal System.
Students will be able to:
Describe the 5 major functions of bone
Identify the 6 classifications of bones
Explain the functions & relationships of
osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells &
osteoclasts
Describe the important effects of hormones &
nutrition on bone health
Osseous Tissue Latin Roots
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Oss/osteo- = bone
Hema(o)- = blood
-poie = to make
Coxa = hip
Carp- = relating to the wrist
Tars- = ankle
Dia- = apart, through
Epi- = on top of
Peri- = around
Endo- = within, inside
•
•
•
•
•
•
Phys- = nature, movement
Dipl- = twofold, double
Pro- = for, forward
Gen- = birth
-cyte = cell
-blast = cell with a nucleus,
embryo
• -clast = broken
• -oid = like, similar to
Why is Bone considered an
Organ?
• Bones are organs (organ
level of organization)
because they contain
different types of tissue
–
–
–
–
Osseous
Nervous
Blood
Cartilage
Functions of Bones
• Support – hard framework that
supports body & cradles soft
organs
• Protection – fused bones of skull,
vertebrae, rib cage
• Movement – skeletal muscles use
bones as levers
• Mineral Storage – calcium &
phosphate
• Blood Cell Formation
(hematopoiesis) – RBC & WBC
forms within red marrow cavities
of certain bones
Week #8 (9/8-9/12)
Warm Up – Tues, 9/9:
- Show US your Osseous Tissue Index Cards!!!
Anatomy Fun Fact:
The hardest bone in the human body is the
jawbone.
Have out:
Osseous Tissue
Index Cards
Bone diagram
Osseous Tissue PPT
notes
Pick up:
Skeletal Sys.
Outline
Homework:
1.
Agenda:
1. Osseous Tissue lecture – Classification,
Anatomy & Bone Histology
2. Bones recap
2.
Guest Speaker
Thank You – Fri,
9/12
Osseous Tissue
Quiz #1 – Tues,
9/16
Classification of Bones
• Classified according to shape:
– Long Bones – has a shaft & 2
ends; made mostly of compact
bone but may contain spongy
bone in its interior
• Ex. Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus,
fingers of hand
– Short Bones – cube-like & contain
mostly spongy bone; compact bone
provides thin surface layer
• Ex. Bones of carpus (wrist) & tarsus (ankle)
• Sesamoid Bones – small, flat, shaped like
sesame seed; develop in tendons located near
joints
– Ex. Knee cap (patella)
Classification of Bones
• Classified according to shape:
– Flat Bones – thin, flattened & usually a
bit curved; have 2 relatively parallel
compact bone surfaces
• Ex. Sternum, ribs, skull
• Sutural Bones – small, flat, irregular
shaped bones of skull
– Irregular Bones – bones that do not fit
above classification
• Ex. Vertebrae & os coxa (pelvis)
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Anatomy of Long Bones
• Diaphysis (shaft) – composed of a thick collar of compact
bone that surrounds a central medullary cavity (marrow cavity)
• “dia” – passing through
• Epiphyses – bone ends
• “epi” – on top of
• Exterior made up of compact
bone
• Interior is spongy bone
• Why are the exterior &
interior regions of the
epiphyses structured
this way?
• Joint surface of each epiphysis is
covered with thin layer of
articular cartilage (cushion)
Anatomy of Long Bones
• Periosteum – outer surface of diaphysis
• Richly supplied with nerve fibers & blood vessels
• Endosteum – a delicate covering of internal bone
structures
• Why are there 2 wrappings
found within long bone
structure?
Anatomy of Short,
Irregular & Flat Bones
• Thin plates of
periosteum-covered
compact bone on
outside
• Endosteum-covered
spongy bone (called
diploe in flat bones) on
inside
Anatomy of Bones
• All bones contain external compact bone & internal
spongy bone filled with red or yellow bone
marrow
Hematopoetic Tissue in
Bones
• Hematopoeisis: formation of blood
cells
• “hema” – blood
• “poiesis” – production or formation of
• Infants
• Medullary cavity & all spongy bone contain
red marrow
• Adults
• Diaphysis is usually filled with fatty (adipose)
yellow marrow
• Majority of hematopoiesis in long bones
occurs in head of the femur & humerus
• Most important blood production occurs
in diploe of flat bones (sternum) & in
some irregular bones (hip bone)
Week #7 (9/4)
Warm Up – Friday 9/4:
Have out:
Anatomy Fun Fact:
Pick up:
- Osseous Cells Relationships Review
Humans & giraffes have the same
number of bones (8) in their necks.
Giraffe neck vertebrae are just
much, much longer!
Osseous Cells diagram
Osseous Latin index
cards
Skeletal Sys. Pre-Test
Osseous Tissue PPT
notes Pt 2
Homework:
1.
Agenda:
1. Osseous Tissue lecture – Bone Growth/
Cartilage, Effects of Nutrition & Hormones on
Bone & Bone Fractures/Repair
Osseous Tissue
Quiz #1 on
Wednesday 9/9
1
(use
anatomical
direction
term)
5 (space)
2
6 (stuff)
7 (covering)
8 (covering)
3
(use
anatomical
direction
term)
4
 What classification
would this bone fall
under?
 Name the identified
regions or coverings of
a long bone.
 Name a function of
bone.
 What is formed in the
medullary cavity of a
long bone?
Bone
Histology
Now what level of
organization are we
talking about?
•
Bone contains specialized cells
& a solid, sturdy matrix
(calcium salts deposited around
collagen protein fibers)
•
Osteocytes: mature bone cells
that occupy a lacuna (osseous cell
“bed”)
• “osteo” – bone
• “cyte” - cell
Bone Histology
• Bone cells are arranged in
cylindrical patterns throughout
bone around thin tubes called
Haversian canals that contain
nerves & blood vessels that
nourish the osteocytes.
• Tiny cytoplasmic
extensions called
canaliculi (little
canals) connect
the osteocytes to one
another & the
Haversian canals.
Osseous Cells relationships (~4:13)
Functions of Osteocytes
• Maintain the protein &
mineral content of the
matrix
• Secrete chemicals that dissolve
old matrix & then stimulate the
depositing of calcium crystals
• Assist in the repair of
damaged bone
• If released from lacunae,
osteocytes can become an
osteoblast or an
osteoprogenitor cell
Osteoprogenitor Cells
• Stem cells that undergo mitosis,
producing daughter cells that
differentiate into osteoblasts
• Aid in repair of
bone fractures
• Located in the
periosteum