PERCENTAGE OF U.S. RESIDENTS WHO HAVE
OBTAINED A BACHELORS DEGREE, 2010
D. C. =
50.1%
MASSACHUSETTS =
COLORADO =
MARYLAND =
CONNECTTICUT =
NEW JERSEY =
39.0
36.4
36.1
35.5
35.4
Source—US Census, 2010 American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates
PERCENTAGE OF U.S. RESIDENTS WHO HAVE
OBTAINED A BACHELORS DEGREE, 2010
VIRGINIA =
VERMONT =
NEW HAMPSHIRE =
NEW YORK =
MINNESOTA =
WASHINGTON =
ILLINOIS =
RHODE ISLAND =
CALIFORNIA =
34.2
33.6
32.8
32.5
31.8
31.1
30.8
30.2
30.1
PERCENTAGE OF U.S. RESIDENTS WHO HAVE
OBTAINED A BACHELORS DEGREE, 2010
KANSAS =
HAWAII =
UTAH =
MONTANA =
OREGON =
NEBRASKA =
ALASKA =
29.8
29.5
29.3
28.8
28.8
28.6
27.9
STATE AVERAGE =
27.9
PERCENTAGE OF U.S. RESIDENTS WHO HAVE
OBTAINED A BACHELORS DEGREE, 2010
DELAWARE =
NORTH DAKOTA =
GEORGIA =
PENNSYLVANIA =
MAINE =
NORTH CAROLINA =
SOUTH DAKOTA =
WISCONSIN =
ARIZONA =
TEXAS =
FLORIDA =
MISSOURI =
MICHIGAN =
NEW MEXICO =
27.8
27.6
27.3
27.1
26.8
26.5
26.3
26.3
25.9
25.9
25.8
25.6
25.2
25.0
PERCENTAGE OF U.S. RESIDENTS WHO HAVE
OBTAINED A BACHELORS DEGREE, 2010
IOWA =
OHIO =
SOUTH CAROLINA =
IDAHO =
WYOMING =
TENNESSEEE =
OKLAHOMA =
INDIANA =
NEVADA =
LOUISIANA =
ALABAMA =
KENTUCKY =
24.9
24.6
24.5
24.4
24.1
23.1
22.9
22.7
21.7
21.4
21.9
20.5
ARKANSAS =
MISSISSIPPI =
WEST VIRGINIA =
19.5
19.5
17.5
“It is easier to
build strong
children than to
repair broken
men.”
Frederick Douglas, New York Times, 3/1/’14
US Rankings
”The most recent came in
2012, when tests performed
by OECD on 25-year-olds
found the United States in
th
26 place among 34
th
countries in math, 17 place
st
in reading and 21 place in
science.”
Source: New York Times, May 21, 2014
Getting A’s
”In 1966, only about
19% of high school
students graduated
with an A or Aaverage. By 2013, 53%
of students graduated
with that average.”
Source: New York Times, May 6, 2014
Latino Boys’ Performance
--18% of Hispanic th
boys scored proficient
or above on the 4 grade reading tests
in 2013. [14% of Black boys]
--42% of White th
boys scored proficient or
above on the 4 grade reading tests in
2013.
--21% Hispanic & Black girlsthscored
proficient or above on the 4 grade
reading tests in 2013.
Source: National Assessment of Educational Progress, NAEP, New York Times, July 21, 2014
“Hispanic students accounted
for more than half of all eight
graders in California in 2011,
the highest proportion in the
country. But only 14% of
those students were proficient
on eight-grade reading
tests....”
Source: New York Times, February 22, 2013
Latinos, 25-Years & Up, 2011
Less than 9th Grade
= 5.51 million, 20.7%
9th to 12th Grade
= 4.00,
15.0%
High School graduate
= 7.96,
29.8%
Some College/Assoc. Degree = 5.44,
20.4%
Bachelor’s Degree
= 2.67,
10.0%
Advanced Degree
= 1.09,
4.1%
Source: US Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, Annual Social & Economic supplement, 2011
US Latinos, Elementary School*
--White = 15.67 Million
--Hispanic = 7.40 [24.7%]
--Black = 4.66
--Asian = 1.34
--TOTAL = 29.97
*--Enrollmemt on Public Elementary Schools by 3-yrs. old and up
Source: Hispanic Student Enrollments reach new Highs in 2011, PEW Hispanic Center, August 20, 2012
2011
US Latinos, High School* 2011
--White = 8.54 Million
--Hispanic = 3.29 [26.5%]
--Black = 2.55
--Asian = 0.64
--TOTAL = 12.43
*--Enrollmemt on Public High Schools by 3-yrs. old and up
Source: Hispanic Student Enrollments reach new Highs in 2011, PEW Hispanic Center, August 20, 2012
US Latinos
High School Completion Rate for
18 to 24 yrs. olds Latinos:
--2000 = 59%
--2011 = 76%
Source: Hispanic Student Enrollments reach new Highs in 2011, PEW Hispanic Center, August 20, 2012
Per-Pupil Costs/Yr.
--$15,969 for MPS, ‘11
--$9,718 for Milwaukee independent
charter schools, ‘11
--$4,442 for Milwaukee voucher
students, ‘11
Source: Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel, January 18, ‘13
Metropolitan Milwaukee, 09/’10 - ’13/’14
--Metropolitan Milwaukee lost 700 teachers
--Milwaukee Public Schools [MPS] lost 730
teachers
--Only 7% of teachers in metro region moved
to another district
--NO change in average age of teachers
--Decline in teachers’ experience—e.g. hiring
less experienced older teachers
Source: Public Policy Forum Report, Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel, August 26, 2015
Metropolitan Milwaukee, 09/’10 - ’13/’14
--For MPS, average experience for teachers did
NOT change, stayed at 12-years.
--Teacher workforce in the metro area remained
unchanged, 89% White
--16 of the 53 school districts in Metro area had
ZERO minority teachers
--In 34 of the 53 districts, whites made up 98% or
more of the teaching workforce
--About 29% of MPS’s teachers are minorities,
highest of any district
Source: Public Policy Forum Report, Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel, August 26, 2015
No Child Left Behind
“…that schools test students every year in
reading and math between third & eighth
grade and once in high school was
enshrined in the No Child Left Behind
Act. The tests were intended as a way for
schools to see whether all student groups,
but particularly minorities and poor
students, were being taught adequately.”
Source: New York Times, January 13, ‘15
No Child Left Behind
“A group of 19 civil rights advocacy
organizations, including the N.A.A.C.P.,
the Mexican American Legal Defence &
Educational Fund, &…, echoed Mr.
Duncan’s call to retain annual testing as a
way of gauging educational quality,
particularly for the most disadvantaged
students.”
Source: New York Times, January 13, ‘15
Segregation in Public Schools
--43% of Latinos in schools with < 10%
whites, ‘09-’10
--38% of Blacks in schools with < 10%
whites, ‘09-’10
--Approx. 15% of Latinos & Blacks in
schools with < 1% white,’09-’10
--”Latino segregation more pronounced in
CA, NY, & TX”
Source: New York Times, September 20, ‘12
US Latinos, College* 2011
--White = 7.88 Million
--Hispanic = 2.08 [16.5%]
--Black = 1.64
--Asian = 0.75
--TOTAL = 12.57
*--Enrollmemt in Colleges by 18 to 24-year-olds.
Source: Hispanic Student Enrollments reach new Highs in 2011, PEW Hispanic Center, August 20, 2012
US Latinos, In College* 2011
--Asians = 79.4%
--Whites = 75.9%
--Blacks = 65.6%
--Latinos = 56.3%
*--Of All Attending College, Percent Enrolled in four-year Colleges,
ages 18 to 24
Source: Hispanic Student Enrollments reach new Highs in 2011, PEW Hispanic Center, August 20, 2012
US Latinos, In College* 2011
--Asians = 20.6%
--Whites = 24.1%
--Blacks = 34.4%
--Latinos = 43.7%
*--Of All Attending College, Percent Enrolled in two-year Colleges,
ages 18 to 24
Source: Hispanic Student Enrollments reach new Highs in 2011, PEW Hispanic Center, August 20, 2012
Median Household Income, ‘10
--Asians = $64,308
--Whites = $54,620
--Blacks = $32,068
--Latinos = $37,379
Source: New York Times, September, 15,2011
College Choice, 2011
--75% of students at the 200 most
highly rated colleges came from
families in the top quartile of
income.
--5% came from families in the
bottom quartile of income--in
1994, it was 3%
Source: New York Times, Op-Ed, May 18, 2014
College Choice, 2011
--”About a quarter [25%] of
college freshmen born into the
bottom half of the income
distribution will manage to
collect a bachelor’s degree by
age 24, while almost 90% of
freshmen born into families in
the top income quartile will go
on to finish their degrees.”
Source: New York Times, Op-Ed, May 18, 2014
They [issues] include the question of
our place in this society; of how
we are imagined within it; and of
the role we students of the
historical experience and current
circumstances of our various
communities might play in the
evolution of American society.
Madrid, Arturo, “Their America, Our América and Our Responsibility as Latina/o Scholars”, Nov., 18, ‘12
Our 25-45 age population has less
educational attainment than their
45-65 old counterparts. Only the
education of the 15-25 old
population can turn that around,
and we have reasons to be
concerned about that matter.
Madrid, Arturo, “Their America, Our América and Our Responsibility as Latina/o Scholars”, Nov., 18, ‘12
What must we do?
--First and foremost, we must continue
to affirm our place in this nation.
--Second, we must continue to carve out
larger and more significant spaces for
ourselves in this society and its
institutions.
--Third, we must revitalize the ideals of
this nation.
Madrid, Arturo, “Their America, Our América and Our Responsibility as Latina/o Scholars”, Nov., 18, ‘12
Meaningful Philosophy
--”In 1966, 86% of college
freshman said that
developing a meaningful
philosophy of life was
essential or very important.
Today, less than half say a
meaningful philosophy of life
is that important.”
Source: New York Times, May 6, 2014
Empathy
--”University of Michigan
studies suggest that
today’s students score
about 40% lower in
measures of empathy than
students did 30 years
ago.”
Source: New York Times, May 6, 2014
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.) Are Hispanic students performing similarly to white students in public
elementary school?
2.) For Q. 1, is the a diference between the performance of boys vs. girls?
3.) Approximately, what percentage of Hispanics [25-yrs-and-older] have less than
a HS diploma?
4.) TRUE of FALSE: Less than 5% of Hispanics [25-yrs-and-older] have
an”Advanced degree”.
5.) Roughly, what percent of public K-12 students are Hispanics?
6.) What has happened the the HS graduation ragte for Hispanics since 2000?
7.) What is trhe difference between a “choice” and a “charter” school?
8.) Is the “No Child Left Behind” law supported by Latinos?
9.) Why do Asians college graduates earn significantly more than, say, Latino
college graduates?
10.) What has occurred to “medium net worth’ to Hispanic 4-yr. college grads and
to Hispanic non-college-grads?