World History 9
Notes – Chapter 25, Section 3 “Industrialization Spreads”
1. What conditions existed in the United States that were similar to Britain and enabled
industrialization to grow?
Rivers
rich deposits of coal and iron ore
a supply of laborers made up of farm workers and immigrants
2. What was the primary industry in Lowell, Massachusetts? Who were the main workers there?
Textiles; young single women from rural areas
3. What are stocks? What are corporations?
 Stocks – rights of ownership which are sold to raise money; stock holders are part owners of
the businesses
 Corporations – a business owned by stockholders who share in the profits, but are not
personally responsible for its debts
4. What hampered (slowed) industrial growth in Germany? How had Germany changed by the late
1800s?
 It was politically divided in the early 1800s.
 economic isolation
 scattered resources also a problem
 Started to use Britain as a model, imported British engineers and equipment; built railroads
 By late 1800s, Germany was unified and had become an industrial and military giant
5. How did industrialization shift the world balance of power and lead to the rise of global
inequality?
Increased competition between industrialized nations and poverty in less-developed nations
 Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized and nonindustrialized
countries, but also strengthened their economic ties:
o industrialized countries needed a steady supply of raw materials from less-developed
lands
o viewed the poor countries as markets for their manufactured goods.
o exploited overseas colonies for resources and markets and started seizing more
colonies
6. What is imperialism and how did industrialization lead to it?
The policy of extending one country’s rule over many other lands;
Imperialism came from:
 the need for resources to feed the factories of Europe
 the need to develop new markets around the world for the manufactured goods of the
factories
7. Despite the hardships of early workers suffered, how did industrialization benefit society?
 Gave Europe tremendous economic power, while Asia and Africa still based on agriculture
and small workshops
 Revolutionized all aspects of society from daily life to life expectancy
 Population, health, and wealth rose dramatically in industrialized nations


A middle class developed which created great opportunities for education and democratic
participation
Democratic participation fueled a powerful movement for social reform