Properties of Matter
Chapter 2
Pgs. 36-59
Classifying Matter
Chapter 2 Section 1
Pg. 38-44
What is MATTER?
• Anything that takes up
____ and has ____
• Everything
PURE SUBSTANCES
• Matter that ______ has exactly the same
composition
– Ex: table salt and table sugar
• Every ______ of a given substance has the
same properties because a substance has a
fixed, ________ composition
SUBSTANCE
1. ELEMENT: a substance that ______ be
broken into simpler substances
*ATOM- ______ particle
*a fixed composition because it contains
only ___ type of atom
*at room temperature most elements are
_____, the rest are gases or liquids
* represented by using a symbol
(Periodic Table)
SUBSTANCE
ELEMENTS
Symbols
- either one or two letters
- first letter ALWAYS ___________
- most are based on _____ names
ex: gold- Au from aurum
- allows for communication without
_________
- name sometimes clue for __________
SUBSTANCE
2. COMPOUND: a substance that is made from
___ or more simpler substances and ___ be
broken down into those simpler substances
(________)
* Ex: water
* properties ______ from those it is made of
* always contains two or more elements
joined in a _____ proportion
MIXTURES
The __________ of a mixture can vary
because the composition of a mixture is
not _____.
_________ by how well the parts of the
mixture are _________ throughout
MIXTURES
_______________
- the substances are so ______
distributed
that it is difficult to distinguish one
substance in the mixture from another
_______________
- the parts of the mixture are noticeably
________ from one another
MIXTURES
… solution, suspension, colloid …
based on the ____ of its largest
_________
MIXTURES
_________forms when substances _______ and
form a homogeneous mixture
* do NOT ______ light
* do NOT settle or ________
* filtration does not work
MIXTURES
_____________a heterogeneous mixture that separates
into ______ over time
* DO scatter light
* DO settle or separate
* _______ can be used
MIXTURES
__________contains some particles that are
____________ in size between the small
particles in a solution and the larger
particles in a _________
* DO scatter light
* do NOT ________ into layers
Physical Properties
Chapter 2 Section 2
Pg. 45-51
Physical Properties
of Matter
A physical property is any ___________ of a
material that can be observed or measured
without changing the ___________ of the
substances in the material
Ex: viscosity, conductivity, malleability,
hardness, melting point, boiling point, and
density
VISCOSITY
• The tendency of a liquid to keep from
flowing- its __________ to flowing
• _____ liquids have a ______ viscosity
(slow moving)
• Thin liquids have ___ viscosity (fast
moving)
CONDUCTIVITY
• A material’s ability to allow ____ to flow
1. Conductors- materials that allow heat or
electricity to flow ______ through them
ex: metals
2. Insulators- materials that _______allow heat
or electricity to flow easily through them
ex: wood
CONDUCTIVITY
MALLEABILITY
• The ability of a solid to be
hammered without ________
• Most metals are ________
• If a solid shatters when
“hammered” it is ______
HARDNESS
• To compare _______ of two
materials see which of the materials
can ______ the other
• ________ is the hardest known
material
MELTING and BOILING POINTS
• ______ Point- the point at which a
substance changes from a _____ to a
_____
• _______ Point- the point at which a
substance boils or changes from a liquid
to a ____
DENSITY
• Can be used to test the ______ of a substance
density = mass/volume
Using Physical Properties
• ________ the material
• Choosing for a specific ________
• _________ the substances in a mixture
• __________ the substances
Using Physical Properties
• Steps to follow in using the physical properties
to ______ a material
1. Decide which _______ to test
2. Do tests on a sample of the _______
3. ________ the results with information you have
on the known materials
Using Properties to Separate Mixtures
• __________- filtering the material, used to
separate the different _____ of material in the
mixture
• __________- boiling the materials, used to
_______ the different substances due to their
boiling points
PHYSICAL CHANGE
• Occurs when some of the physical properties
of a material _______, but the ________
remain the same
• ___________ of the material remains intact
regardless of the change
Chemical Properties
Chapter 2 Section 3
Pg. 54-58
CHEMICAL PROPERTY
• Any ability to produce a ______ in the
composition of ______
• Observed when the substances in a sample of
matter are changing into ________ substances
FLAMMABILITY
• A materials ability to burn in the
presence of ______
• Oxygen supports the _______, without it
there would be no _____
REACTIVITY
• How readily a substance combines ________
with other substances
• Some examples of _____ reactive elements:
O, F, Cl, Na, Mg
• Rust- iron oxide
• Some examples of low ______ elements: N,
Al, P
• Some examples of all most _________
elements: He, Ar, Ne, Kr
Recognizing CHEMICAL CHANGE
• Occurs when a substance _____ and forms
one or more ___ substances
• 3 common types of a chemical change
 Change in _____- tarnished, rusted, etc.
 Production of ____- fermented, spoiled
 Formation of a ________- solid present in a liquid
mixture
ex: spoiled milk
Recognizing Chemical Change
• Color change
Recognizing Chemical Change
• Production of
Gas
Recognizing Chemical Change
• Formation of Precipitate
Chemical Change vs. Physical Change
• Not always easy to determine
• Different ________ present after change
occurs between original substances then a
_______ change took place
• If different substances are not _____ then only
a ______ change
Chemical Change vs. Physical Change
• The __________ of matter has to change or
remain unchanged to __________ if a
chemical change or physical change had taken
place