ORAL
PATHOLOGY
DEFINITIONS
PATHOLOGY
DEFINITIONS
PATHOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
DEFINITIONS
PATHOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
DEFINITIONS
PATHOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
ETIOLOGY
DEFINITIONS
PATHOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
ETIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
DEFINITIONS
PATHOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
ETIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
PROGNOSIS
DEFINITIONS
PATHOLOGY
DIAGNOSIS
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
ETIOLOGY
PATHOGENESIS
PROGNOSIS
DISEASE
DISEASE
 Any abnormal condition of an
organism or one of its parts,
especially as a consequence of:
DISEASE
 Any abnormal condition of an
organism or one of its parts,
especially as a consequence of:
 Inherent Weakness
DISEASE
 Any abnormal condition of an
organism or one of its parts,
especially as a consequence of:
 Inherent Weakness
 Physical Stimuli
DISEASE
 Any abnormal condition of an
organism or one of its parts,
especially as a consequence of:
 Inherent Weakness
 Physical Stimuli
 Infection
DISEASE
 Any abnormal condition of an
organism or one of its parts,
especially as a consequence of:




Inherent Weakness
Physical Stimuli
Infection
Emotional Stress
DISEASE
 Any abnormal condition of an
organism or one of its parts,
especially as a consequence of:





Inherent Weakness
Physical Stimuli
Infection
Emotional Stress
Other factors
Pathological
Stimulating Factors
Pathological
Stimulating Factors
 Endogenous
 Injuries occurring within a cell
 These are primarily GENETIC
Pathological
Stimulating Factors
 Endogenous
 Injuries occurring within the cell
 These are primarily GENETIC
 Exogenous
 Factors occurring outside the cell
 These are the most common
Pathologic Stimulating
Factors include:
Pathologic Stimulating
Factors include:
 Trauma
Pathologic Stimulating
Factors include:
 Trauma
 Radiation
Radiation Caries
Pathologic Stimulating
Factors include:
 Trauma
 Radiation
 Temperature
Pathologic Stimulating
Factors include:




Trauma
Radiation
Temperature
Emotion
Pathologic Stimulating
Factors include:





Trauma
Radiation
Temperature
Emotion
Drugs
Pathologic Stimulating
Factors include:






Trauma
Radiation
Temperature
Emotion
Drugs
Parasites
Pathologic Stimulating
Factors include:







Trauma
Radiation
Temperature
Emotion
Drugs
Parasites
Nutrition
Reaction of the Host
Reaction of the Host
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Malformations
Degenerations
Circulatory Disturbances
Inflammation
Growth of Tissue
Neoplasms
Developmental Disorders
Inherited Disorders
Congenital Disorders
Reaction of the Host
A. Malformations

Example:
Malformed Teeth
Reaction of the Host
B.
Degeneration
Reaction of the Host
C.
Circulatory Disturbances
Reaction of the Host
C.
Circulatory Disturbances
 Hyperemia
Reaction of the Host
C.
Circulatory Disturbances
 Hyperemia
 Anemia
Reaction of the Host
C.
Circulatory Disturbances
 Hyperemia
 Anemia
 Ischemia
Reaction of the Host
C.
Circulatory Disturbances
 Hyperemia
 Anemia
 Ischemia
 Infarction
Reaction of the Host
C.
Circulatory Disturbances
 Hyperemia
 Anemia
 Ischemia
 Infarction
 Hemorrhage
Reaction of the Host
C.
Circulatory Disturbances
 Hyperemia
 Anemia
 Ischemia
 Infarction
 Hemorrhage
 Thrombosis
Reaction of the Host
C.
Circulatory Disturbances
 Hyperemia
 Anemia
 Ischemia
 Infarction
 Hemorrhage
 Thrombosis
 Embolism
Reaction of the Host
D.
Inflammation
Reaction of the Host
D.
Inflammation
 Cope with Foreign Agents
Reaction of the Host
D.
Inflammation
 Cope with Foreign Agents
 Proliferation of cells
Reaction of the Host
D.
Inflammation
 Cope with Foreign Agents
 Proliferation of cells
 Repair-of-Tissue
Reaction of the Host
D.
Inflammation
 Cope with Foreign Agents
 Proliferation of cells
 Repair-of-Tissue
 Regeneration
Reaction of the Host
E.
Growth of Tissue
Reaction of the Host
E.
Growth of
Tissue
 Hyperplasia
Reaction of the Host
E.
Growth of
Tissue
 Hyperplasia
 Hypertrophy
 Atrophy
Atrophy
Reaction of the Host
E.
Growth of Tissue
 Hyperplasia
 Hypertrophy
 Atrophy
 Metaplasia
Reaction of the Host
F. Neoplasms


Benign
Malignant



Metastasis
Carcinoma
Sardcoma
Benign Lesion
Malignant Lesion
Reaction of the Host
G. Developmental Disorders
Reaction of the Host
G. Developmental Disorders
H. Inherited Disorders
Reaction of the Host
G. Developmental Disorders
H. Inherited Disorders
I. Congenital Disorders
Landmarks
Section added by
Heidi Emmerling, RDH, PhD
Lips
Wet Line
 The wet line is the junction
between vermillion border and the
mucosa of the lip.
Wet Line
Vermillion Border
 The vermillion borders of the
upper (A) and lower (B) lips are
indicated by the arrows.
Labial Mucosa
 The labial mucosae are the
mucosal surfaces of the upper and
lower lips. Here you see the lower
labial mucosa.
Buccal Mucosa
 This is a good picture of most of
the right buccal mucosa of this
patient. It is the inner lining of the
right cheek.
Parotid Papilla
 The parotid papilla or the opening
of Stenson's duct (arrow) often
appears as a nodule on the buccal
mucosa. Don't confuse it with a
lipoma or fibroma and cut it off.
Hard Palate
Hard Palate
Incisive Papilla
Incisive Papilla
Ruggae
 The rugae (arrows) are frequent
sites of injury.
Soft Palate
Median Palatal Raphae
 The palatine raphe (arrows) is
more prominent in some people
than in others. It is very easily
palpated in all patients.
Fovea Palatinae
 At the posterior end of the hard
palate, there are frequently two
small depressions, the fovea
palatinae. This demarcates the
imaginary line of where the hard
palate ends and the soft palate
begins
Uvula
 The uvula (arrow) is a prominant
landmark at the opening of the
oropharynx.
Oropharynx
 The opening to
the oropharynx
(OP) is outlined
by the broken
line. The soft
palate (SP) is
more anterior.
 The glossopalatine arch is designate G,
and the pharyngopalatine arch is
designated P. These are also called the
anterior pillar (G) and the posterior pillar
(P) of the fauces. Between them is the
tonsillar niche (N).
Enlarged tonsils
Tongue
Filiform
 These are the most numerous
papillae, the filiform papillae
(arrows).
Fungiform
 Bright red, larger, have taste buds
 Yum!
Circumvallate Papilla
 large on posterior of dorsum of
tongue 8-12 in number
Foliate papilla
 lateral-posterior border
 These are the foliate papillae (arrows).
These papillae are particularly subject
to trauma from biting during
mastication. When they get
traumatized, they are very painful and
may even become infected and cause
cervical lymphadenopathy
Normal frenum
Ankylogossia
 This is the gross appearance of
the tongue when patient was
asked: "Stick out your tongue.
 "Note the classic symptom of a
bifid or bilobed lingual apex
with a corresponding midline
"cleft" or septal limitation.
"Now pull your tongue back into your mouth
as far as you can."
The extremely short lingual frenulum is
attached high on the gingival margin and the
lingual attachment is far more superior and
anterior on the tongue than normal.
The point where the frenulum exits the
tongue tip is bordered by filiform and
fungiform papillae (taste buds).
The frenulum is blanched white from the
ischemia caused by the tight pull on the
lingual apex during tongue retraction.
 Manual elevation of the lingual
apex by the examiner.
 "Open your mouth wide and
show me your tongue."
 Note the hypoplastic
development of the lingual
apex in contrast to the bulk of
the more posterior blade of the
tongue behind it (demarcated
by the cone-like shape and
more dense distribution of
fungiform papillae on the
apex).
Lingual Varicosity
 Enlarged, dilated bluish-purple
blebs on the ventral surface of the
tongue
 Usually found in older adults(2/3
over 60)
Periodontium (duh) 
alveolar mucosa
 Unattached gingiva =alveolar
mucosa
interdental groove
 a linear, vertical depression on the
surface of the interdental papillae;
it functions as a sluiceway for the
egress of food from the
interproximal areas.
Interdental Grooves