Name: _______________________________________________________ Date: _______Period: ______ NOTES
Water Notes: The Water Cycle and Properties of Water
How much water is
there?
●
What is the
difference between
Fresh and Salt
water?
●
What is the water
cycle?
●
_____________ covers most of the Earth.
o There are _____ oceans: ______________, Pacific, Indian, and ___________. They are
all ________________ to each other to form __________________________________.
Any part of this ocean is called the _________.
o ~_____% of Earth’s surface is covered with ____________. Most of the oceans are in
the ___________________ Hemisphere.
Fresh Water vs. Salt Water
o _____________ water: not salty, has little to no ___________, __________, or smell.
▪ Ex. Most ____________ and ______________
▪ Important for _______ on Earth
▪ Scarce (________): only ____% of water on Earth
● Of this, ______% is free _______________ (underground or in
__________, lakes, atmosphere, and ____________ things), while
______% is _____________.
o _________ water: water that has dissolved ___________ & other minerals.
▪ Ex. ______________
▪ ______% of water on Earth
▪ ______________: how much salt is dissolved in water (how salty the water
is). The average salinity of the ocean is _____ parts per thousand (35 salt
molecules for every 1000 molecules of _____________).
▪ Salinity ______________ when water ______________ or freezes (_______
does not evaporate or freeze, so the salt is left behind!). Salinity
___________ when ice __________ into the ocean or it ____________.
__________________________: the continuous movement of _____________ through the
environment
o __________ amount of water on earth ______________________________.
o _____ major processes
▪
____________________: water changing from a liquid to a gas
1. Requires _______ (from the sun, stove)—gets __________________
2. ______% of evaporation occurs from the ___________ (________
doesn’t evaporate)
3. Ex: water ______________, sidewalk _____________
▪
____________________: water changing from a gas to a liquid
1. occurs as air ___________, forms _____________
2. Cold air dissolves ________ water ___________ than warm air, so the
vapor condenses into droplets of _______________ water to form
clouds. Clouds are visible evidence of water in the __________________.
▪
___________________: any form of water that falls from clouds
1. Water reaches __________ sinks into the __________ or flows into
___________ and rivers (called _____________).
2. All precipitation is _____________________ (the salt does not
__________________ from the ocean).
3. The force of ______________ pulls the flowing water downward, and
usually it eventually ends up in the ______________.
Draw and label the Water Cycle:
How is water
unique?
●
What is polarity?
●
What is the
difference between
Cohesion and
Adhesion?
●
Water is a _____________ substance.
o allows ___________ to live on Earth
o exists as a __________, _____________, and ___________ on Earth
Polarity: A ___________ molecule is a molecule that has _______________ (+) and
________________ (-) regions. These regions allow it to become _______________ to many
other types of molecules.
o In polar molecules, ________________ are not distributed equally, which causes the
molecule to __________ and makes water _____________.
●
Cohesion: ability of water molecules to ____________ to ____________________.
o Water molecules want to “stick together” like _____________ because of its positive
(+) and negative (-) regions (______________ charges __________).
o Polarity causes _____________________ between molecules
o Causes ______________________—attraction between molecules at the
___________; makes water bead up into _________ and allows _________ objects to
sit on _________ of the water. Water has ________ surface tension.
Adhesion: The ability of water to stick to _____________ substances.
What is the
density of water?
●
●
●
●
●
Density = ______________________________ (g/mL or g/cm3)
Objects __________ or ______________ in water because of density
Density of water = __________________
Density less than water (1) = _____________ (less dense)
Density greater than water (1) = _____________ (more dense)
What is buoyancy?
● Buoyancy: Force that pushes _________ on an object in fluid
● Related to density: the ____________ the density = the ____________ buoyant the object
What is turbidity?
● Turbidity is the measure of the _____________ of the water (how ___________ the water is).
o
More __________ in water = __________ turbidity = _____________ or muddy
o
water
_________ solids in water = __________ turbidity = _____________ water
● To increase turbidity: add lots of fine ___________________ (silt, clay, etc)
What is specific
heat?
● Specific Heat: the amount of energy needed to raise the __________________ of 1g of any
Why is water called ●
the universal
●
solvent?
●
substance 1ºC
o Water has a ________ specific heat
▪ Takes A LOT of ____________ to heat water
▪ When water cools off, A LOT of heat is _________________
▪ Oceans/Lakes stay warmer ____________ in winter, even if temperature
decreases; it takes longer to _______ them up in summer
A ______________ is a liquid capable of _______________ another substance.
_____________ is capable of dissolving a lot of different substances, which is why it is called
the ______________ solvent.
Water dissolves ________________ substances than any other liquid!
●
Water’s ____________ is one of its characteristics that makes it the universal solvent.
Questions:
1. How much of the Earth is covered in water? ____________ How much of that water is saltwater? _________
2. Where is most freshwater found? ________________________________________________
3. What are the 3 processes of the water cycle? ____________________________________________________
4. What is runoff? ___________________________________________________________________________
5. If you put a cup of saltwater on a sunny windowsill for a day and let some of the water evaporate, will the
remaining saltwater be more or less salty than before? Why?
6. What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
7. What is the density of water? _____________ How do you know if something will sink or float in water?