CHILDHOOD DISEASES
Bacteria


Small in size, no nucleus or membranous organelles
Cell wall
 Cocci
 Bacilli
 Spirilla
 Vibrios


Gram-positive
Gram-negative
Cough : (aka: Pertussis)
Pertussis



AKA: Whooping cough
or 100 day cough
Bordetella pertussis
Was one of the most
common childhood
diseases and major
cause of childhood
mortality
Pertussis

Starts out like a cold
 But
cough becomes
more severe
 Cough characterized
by high pitch whoop.
 Child
may turn
cyanotic, cough more
at night, or even vomit
due to coughing
attack.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIV460AQUWk
Sore Throat
Streptococcus

Strep throat
 Sore
throat for more
than 1 week
 Temperature >100.4
 Pus on back of throat
 Possible rash

However:
 Most
sore throats are
not caused by bacteria
Antibiotics




Target bacterial cell wall
Target cell membrane
Inhibit protein synthesis targets in bacterial
machinery
Interfere with bacterial metabolism, DNA, and RNA
synthesis
Antibiotic Resistance

“One of the world’s most pressing public health
problems.”
(CDC, 2012)

What exactly is it?

Factors:
 Parental
pressure
 Allergies
 Farming
 Time
/ money
“Friendly” Bacteria


Most bacteria are non-pathogenic
Some bacteria are beneficial
 Ex:
Bacteria keeps yeast in check.
 Antibiotics kill bacteria; yeast infection occurs
 Yogurt
 Probiotics/Prebiotics
Viruses
Viruses

Core genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a
capsid
Polio
Poliomyelitis (Polio)


Polio = gray; Myelon = marrow of spinal cord; itis
= inflammation
Highly contagious
 May
result in paralysis
 Vaccine
preventable
Polio Eradication



Is it possible??
“Hopefully by 2015 no child in the world will be
paralyzed by the disease and by 2018 Polio will
be wiped out.” – Bill Gates, 09/28/2012
The current eradication program…
Norovirus
Measles / Rubella




Common childhood illness
until vaccine.
May be fatal
Characterized by fever
and rash
Highly contagious through
respiratory droplets.
Chicken Pox / Shingles




Varicella zoster virus
Herpes zoster virus
Characterized by rash,
fever, malaise.
Contagious, spread by
respiratory droplets
Other…

Head lice

Bed bug

Dust mite
EV-D68

AKA: Enterovirus-D68

1,153 cases in 49 states as of Jan 15, 2015

Children with asthma at higher risk

No specific treatment / cure

Question of paralysis side effect

(CDC, 2014)
Vaccines

Active immunity
 Dead

or deactivated dose of bacteria or virus injected
Passive immunity
 Preformed
antibodies from immune serum of animal
injected.

Acquired immunity
 Immune
system fights live bacteria or virus
Vaccines….

A loaded topic
 What’s
the truth?