Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Jacksonian Democracy
Section 2: Conflicts Over Land
Section 3: Jackson and the Bank
Visual Summary
Jacksonian Democracy
Essential Question How did political beliefs
and events shape Andrew Jackson’s
presidency?
Conflicts Over Land
Essential Question How did Andrew
Jackson’s presidency affect Native Americans?
Jackson and the Bank
Essential Question How do economic issues
affect the president and presidential elections?
How did political beliefs and events
shape Andrew Jackson’s presidency?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• majority
• nominating convention
• plurality
• tariff
• spoils system
• nullify
• caucus
• secede
Academic Vocabulary
• select
• participate
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Andrew Jackson
• John Quincy Adams
• Nullification Act
How do you think the president
should be chosen?
A. By the current system
with an electoral college
0%
C
0%
A
C. By the Congress
A. A
B. B
C.0%C
B
B. By the popular vote
of the people
Elections of 1824 and 1828
John Quincy Adams and Andrew
Jackson introduced new ways of
campaigning in the presidential
elections of 1824 and 1828.
Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)
• When Monroe declined to seek a third term
in office, four Republicans competed for the
presidency:
– William H. Crawford of Georgia
– Henry Clay of Kentucky
– Andrew Jackson of Tennessee
– John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts
Presidential Elections
Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)
• Although he won a plurality in the electoral
votes, Jackson did not receive a majority of
the electoral votes, so the House of
Representatives had to select the new
president.
• John Quincy Adams, who advocated strong
national programs and improvements, was
chosen and appointed Henry Clay as his
Secretary of State.
Presidential Elections
Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)
• By 1828, the Republican Party had divided
into two separate parties.
– The Democratic Republicans supported
Andrew Jackson and states’ right.
– The National Republicans supported
Adams and favored a strong central
government.
Presidential Elections
Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)
• New aspects of campaigning emerged in the
1828 election. These included:
– Mudslinging
– Campaign slogans
– Rallies and other events
– Campaign buttons and other souvenirs
Presidential Elections
Elections of 1824 and 1828 (cont.)
• Jackson won the 1828 election in a
landslide.
Presidential Elections
Who won the Republican Party nomination
in the presidential election of 1824?
A. William Crawford
B. Andrew Jackson
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. John Quincy Adams
B
C. Henry Clay
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
Jackson as President
Andrew Jackson made the
American political system more
democratic.
Jackson as President (cont.)
• President Jackson promoted “equal
protection and equal benefits” for all
Americans and made it easier for those who
did not own property to vote.
• Male sharecroppers, factory workers, and
others could now participate in the election
process, but women, Native Americans, and
African Americans were still denied suffrage.
Jackson as President (cont.)
• Andrew Jackson created the spoils system,
firing government employees and replacing
them with his own supporters.
• Jackson’s supporters also changed the
electoral process, eliminating the caucus
system and replacing it with nominating
conventions.
Who could vote in the presidential
elections of the 1820s?
A. Females
B. African Americans
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. Native Americans
B
C. White males
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
The Tariff Debate
A fight over tariffs ignited a crisis on
the question of states’ rights versus
the rights of the federal government.
The Tariff Debate (cont.)
• Tariffs promoted the purchase of Americanmade goods over European ones, favoring
Northeastern factory owners.
• John C. Calhoun argued that states had the
right to nullify a federal law if it was
considered to be against state interests.
The Tariff Debate (cont.)
• South Carolina passed the Nullification Act
in 1832 and threatened to secede from the
Union if the federal government interfered.
How would Northeastern factory owners react
to a high tariff?
A. They would be upset and
oppose high tariffs.
0%
D
C
D. They would consume more
European products.
B
C. They would be very pleased.
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
0%
D. D
A
B. They would decrease
production of goods.
How did Andrew Jackson’s
presidency affect Native Americans?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• relocate
• guerrilla tactics
Academic Vocabulary
• federal
• survive
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Indian Removal Act
• Indian Territory
• General Winfield Scott
• Trail of Tears
• Black Hawk
• Osceola
Do you agree with the policy that the
government can take control of private land
if it believes it is in the best interest of the
country?
0%
D
D. Strongly disagree
0%
C
C. Somewhat disagree
B
B. Somewhat agree
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
A
A. Strongly agree
Moving Native Americans
Thousands of Native Americans
were forced to abandon their lands
to white settlers and move West.
Moving Native Americans (cont.)
• Many settlers wanted the federal
government to relocate Native Americans
tribes to the undesirable land West of the
Mississippi.
• The Indian Removal Act, which allowed the
federal government to pay Native Americans
to move, was passed in 1830.
Forced Migration
Moving Native Americans (cont.)
• In 1834 the Indian Territory was set aside
in present-day Oklahoma for relocation of
Native Americans.
• The Cherokee Nation refused to leave
Georgia and took its case to the Supreme
Court with Worcester v. Georgia.
Forced Migration
Moving Native Americans (cont.)
• Many of the Cherokee resisted efforts to
displace them, but were ultimately forced out
of Georgia by General Winfield Scott.
• Over 4,000 Cherokee died on the
Trail of Tears.
Removal of Native Americans, 1820–1840
In Worcester v. Georgia, Chief Justice John
Marshall ruled that
A. Georgia had no right to
interfere with the Cherokee.
B. the “spoils system”
was unconstitutional.
0%
D
C
B
A
A. A
C. the federal government
B. B
0%
0%
0%
had no authority over
C. C
Native Americans.
D. D
D. states had to support a national bank.
Native American Resistance
Some groups of Native Americans
attempted to resist relocation. Most
were taken from their lands by
force.
Native American Resistance (cont.)
• Sauk chieftain Black Hawk organized a
group to move back into the Sauk lands in
Illinois, but they were slaughtered by the
Illinois state militia and federal troops.
• Using guerrilla tactics, the Seminole people
of Florida—led by Osceola—successfully
resisted relocation.
– Only 110 government soldiers survived
the Dade Massacre of 1835.
Native American Resistance (cont.)
• By 1842 most of the Native American
population had been moved west of the
Mississippi.
Which tribe successfully resisted
forced relocation?
A. The Cherokee
B. The Sauk
0%
D
A
0%
A
B
C
0%
D
C
D. The Seminole
B
C. The Osceola
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
How do economic issues affect the
president and presidential elections?
Reading Guide
Content Vocabulary
• veto
• laissez-faire
• depression
Academic Vocabulary
• institution
• symbol
Reading Guide (cont.)
Key People and Events
• Henry Clay
• Daniel Webster
• Martin Van Buren
• William Henry Harrison
• John Tyler
• James Polk
Which presidential campaign slogan
do you feel is most effective?
A. A Chicken in Every Pot
B. Tippecanoe and Tyler Too
0%
D
0%
C
B
D. Ross for Boss
A
C. Are You Better Off Than
You Were Four Years Ago?
A. A
B. B
C. C
0%
0%
D. D
War Against the Bank
President Jackson forced the
National Bank to close, and
economic problems split the
Democratic Party.
War Against the Bank (cont.)
• Believing it only considered the interests of
the wealthy, President Jackson wanted to
weaken the institution of the National Bank.
• Henry Clay and Daniel Webster formulated
a plan with the president of the National
Bank to defeat Jackson in the election of
1832.
• The plan backfired when Jackson vetoed
the bill to renew the Bank’s charter and with
popular support won reelection.
War Against the Bank (cont.)
• Martin Van Buren was elected president in
1836, and shortly thereafter the country
entered an economic depression.
• Van Buren believed in the principle of
laissez-faire and established a new treasury
system where private banks would not be
dependent on government funds.
Jackson attacked the Bank of the United States
because
A. it was being run by
corrupt elected officials.
B. it provided loans to
all citizens.
0%
D
C
B
A
A. A
C. it financed foreign
B. B
0%
0%
0%
business deals that
C. C
put Americans out of work.
D. D
D. it was controlled by wealthy Easterners.
The Whigs Take Power
After Harrison’s death, Tyler took
the presidency in a direction that
went against the Whigs’ goals, and
the Whigs lost power.
The Whigs Take Power (cont.)
• The Whigs nominated William Henry
Harrison, a hero of the War of 1812, to run
against President Van Buren in the election
of 1840.
• To gain the support of laborers and farmers,
the Whigs adopted a log cabin as their
symbol.
The Whigs Take Power (cont.)
• Harrison died of pneumonia shortly after
taking office, and his running mate, John
Tyler, became president.
• The Whig party became increasingly divided
and ultimately lost the 1844 election to
Democratic candidate James Polk.
What was the reason the Whigs won the 1840
election?
A. They made a “corrupt bargain”
with Henry Clay to steal the
presidency.
B. The Democrats split over
Van Buren.
0%
D
0%
C
B
A
A. A
B.
B
0%
0%
C. They ended the Panic of 1837.
C. C
D. They gained support from farmers
D. D
and laborers rather than the wealthy elite.
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majority
more than half
plurality
largest single share
spoils system
practice of handing out government
jobs to supporters; replacing
government employees with the
winning candidate’s supporters
caucus
a meeting held by a political party to
choose its party’s candidate for
president or to decide policy
nominating convention
system in which delegates from the
states selected the party’s
presidential candidate
tariff
a tax on imports or exports
nullify
to cancel or make ineffective
secede
to leave or withdraw
select
choose
participate
take part in
relocate
to force a person or group of people
to move
guerrilla tactics
referring to surprise attacks or raids
rather than organized warfare
federal
the national or central governing
authority
survive
continue to live
veto
to reject a bill and prevent it from
becoming a law
depression
a period of low economic activity
and widespread unemployment
laissez-faire
policy that government should
interfere as little as possible in the
nation’s economy
institution
an organization
symbol
an object that represents something
else
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