Agenda: Tuesday (06/16/2015)
1. Complete Basic Chemistry and Properties of Water Lecture
and Cornell Notes
2. Textbook Distribution
3. Notebook Setup
4. Correct Water Molecule Model Activity
5. Properties of Water Review Worksheet (due at end of period)
6. Assign Student Seating
7. Collect Summer School Contract
8. Homework:
-Bring Required Class Supplies
-Complete Textbook Reading and Flashcards
-Study for Basic Chemistry and Properties of Water
Test (Tomorrow - Wednesday)
Agenda: Monday (06/15/2015)
1. Review Summer School Expectations and Class
Syllabus
2. Textbook Distribution
3. Notebook Setup
4. Basic Chemistry and Properties of Water Lecture
and Cornell Notes
5. Water Molecule Model Activity
6. Assign Student Seating
7. Homework:
-Bring Required Class Supplies
-Complete Textbook Reading and Flashcards
-Study for Basic Chemistry and Properties of Water
Quiz (Tomorrow - Tuesday)
Warm-Up #1
1) Write everything you know about an atom.
Examples:
-How small is it?
-What does it consist of?
Basic Chemistry & Properties of
Water
Octet Rule
• Every element wants to have 8 electrons on
their valence (outside) shell, but only the
noble gases naturally have 8.
• Because of this reason, elements have to bond
with other elements.
Chemical Bonding
What is a Bond?
-A bond is a force that holds atoms
together
Basic Chemistry
Chemical Bonding:
1) Ionic Bonds
2) Covalent Bonds
a) Non-polar covalent
b) Polar covalent
3) Hydrogen Bonds
Ionic Bonding
1) Ionic bonds are the forces of attraction
between 2 ions (atom that has gained or lossed
an electron)
– formed when a metal loses an electron to a
nonmetal
– + ion attracted to the – ion
Examples of Ionic Bonds
Examples of compounds with ionic bonds
-NaCl
-KCl
-HCl
-CuF2
Covalent Bonds
2) Covalent bonds are the forces of attraction
between two nonmetal atoms which are sharing
electrons
a) Nonpolar covalent bonds = electrons
are shared equally
b) Polar covalent bonds = electrons shared
unequally
Covalent Bonds
• Stronger attraction than in ionic bonding
Examples of Covalent
Examples of compounds with covalent bonds
-NH4
-H2O
-CO2
-H2CH2
-N2
-Cl2
Hydrogen Bonds
3) Hydrogen Bonds: weak bonds between
molecules.
Molecules: group of two or more atoms held
together by chemical bonds.
Electronegativity
Electronegativity: the ability to attract electrons
in a covalent bond
Electronegativity
Electronegativity Trend
• Electronegativity
• From left  Right of a period
-Electronegativity increases
• From Top  Bottom of group
-Electronegativity decreases
Properties of Water
Properties of Water
Hydrogen bonds between water molecules
contribute to unique properties of water.
Properties of Water
1) Water is an excellent solvent.
-It dissolves many substances.
-Ionic substances are soluble (dissolve) in
water because the poles of polar water
molecules interact with ionic substances to
separate them into ions.
-Substances that dissolve in water are hydrophilic
and substances that do not dissolve in water are
called hydrophobic.
Properties of Water
2) Water has a high heat capacity
-It takes a lot of energy to change the
temperature of water
Properties of Water
3) Water has a high heat of vaporization
-It takes a lot of heat energy to evaporate
water
Properties of Water
4) Water has strong cohesion and adhesion
-Cohesion is the attraction between like
substances.
-Adhesion is the attraction of unlike substances.
Water adheres(sticks) to polar surfaces.
-Cohesion and Adhesion allow plants to absorb
water through a process called capillary action.
Properties of Water
5) Water has high surface
tension.
-Strong cohesion between
water molecules produces
high surface tension.
-Surface tension allows
many insects to walk on
water without sinking.
Properties of Water
6) Ice floats
-Water expands as it freezes and becomes
less dense than its liquid form. Thus, ice
floats in liquid water.
Properties of Water
7) Viscosity
-The tendency of fluids like water to resist
flow.
8) State of change
-Condensation: change from gas to liquid
-Vaporization: change from liquid to gas
-Sublimation: change from solid to gas
-Deposition: change from gas to solid
-Melting: change from solid to liquid
-Freezing: change from liquid to solid
Properties of Ocean Water
• Higher Viscosity due to higher salinity (more
resistant to flow)
• Higher Density due to salinity
-has lower freezing point
-has higher boiling point
-easier to float objects in seawater than
freshwater
Homework
Read Chapter 2.1 The Nature of Matter and 2.2
Properties of Water (p. 35-42) and create flashcards
for the following terms. Some terms may be found in
Water Model Activity W.S. or this lecture ppt.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Atom
Nucleus
Electron
Element
Isotope
Compound
Ionic bond
Vaporization
9. Ion
10. Covalent Bond
11. Molecule
12. van der Waals forces
13. Cohesion
14. Adhesion
15. Polar Molecule
16. Condensation
17. Hydrogen Bond
18. Hydration Sphere
19. Hydrophilic
20. Hydrophobic
21. Capillary Action
22. Solvent
23. Solute
24. Viscosity