Skeletal System Study Guide
Axial and Appendicular
Skeleton
The Skull
Identify this bone.
Test yourself!
Which bone(s) does
it articulate with?
Name the area
where the two
articulating bones
meet.
Answers to # 1
Frontal Bone
Articulates Posteriorly with the Paired
Parietal Bones.
Coronal Suture.
Identify this bone
Test yourself!
T or F: This bone
forms most of the
cranial vaults bulk?
How many sutures
occur where this
bone articulates
with other cranial
bones? Extra!: List
them.
Answer to #2
Parietal Bone
True
Four Sutures
a. Sagittal Suture
b. Lamboid Suture
c. Coronal Suture
d. Squamous Suture.
Identify and Locate this bone
Identify arrows a-d.
D
C
A
A
B
Answers to # 3
Occipital Bone, posterior Cranium
A. External Occipital Crest
B. Occipital Condyle
C. Inferior Nuchal Line
D. External Occipital Protuberance.
Application:
Identify region at
the pointer.
What important
Ligament is
secured here?
Answers to # 4
External Occipital Crest
Ligamentum Nuchae
Identify the region
at the blue pointer
Identify the region
at the yellow
pointer.
Identify the bone
directly beneath
the yellow pointer.
Answers to # 5
Blue pointer: Glabella
Yellow Pointer: Frontonasal suture
Nasal Bone beneath frontonasal
suture.
Identify the bone in the boxed area.
Name the suture at
the red arrow
Name the region
marked by the green
arrow.
Identify the process
at the purple arrow.
Answers to # 6
Temporal Bone
Occipitomastoid Suture
Zygomatic Process
Mastoid Process
Identify:
Identify the
structure at the
pointer
What muscles
attach to this
bone?
What does the
ligament
associated with this
bone, secure?
Answers to # 7
Styloid Process
Muscles of the Tongue attached here.
Ligaments used to secure the hyoid
bone of the neck to the skull.
Identify this canal.
Give the function of
this canal.
What region
surrounds this
canal?
External Auditory Meatus
Sound enters the ear through this
canal
Surrounded by the Tympanic Region.
Identify this bone
Name the encircled
structure.
Identify the notch
at the blue arrow
Identify the
structure at the
yellow arrow.
Mandible
Mandibular Condyle
Mandibular notch
Mandibular Ramus
Identify the following:
A.
B.
C.
B
A
C
A. Mental Foramen
B. Coronoid Process
C. Mandibular Angle
Identify these bones
A
B
A. Ethmoid Bone
(Perpendicular Plate)
B. Maxilla
Which process
meets with this
bone?
Together, what do
the two structures
form?
What is this bone?
Zygomatic Process
Zygomatic Arch
Zygomatic Bone
Identify this region.
This region is the
superior border of
what?
What does this
region contain?
Alveolar Margin
Mandibular Body
Sockets ( alveoli ) in which the teeth
are embedded.
LABEL!
d
e
a
c
b
A. Infraorbital Foramen
B. Vomer Bone
C. Inferior Nasal Concha
D. Middle Nasal Concha
E. Perpendicular plate.
Identify the
depression found
anteriorly on this
bone.
What does this
indicate?
Mandibular Symphysis
Indicates the line of fusion of the two
mandibular bones during infancy.
Identify
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Give the function of
the indention shown
at arrow A.
A
B
C
D
E
A. Supraorbital Foramen
B. Supraorbital Margin
C. Superior Orbital Fissure
D. Optic Canal
E. Inferior Orbital Fissure
Supraorbital Foramen allows the
Supraorbital artery and nerve to pass
to the forehead.
• Identify A and B. Give the
function for A.
A
B
A. Carotid Canal
B. Jugular Foramen
Carotid Canal transmits the internal
carotid artery into the cranial Cavity.
Name this structure
Identify Its
functions.
What two bones is
this structure
flanked with?
What do those two
bones articulate
with, and what
movement does
that articulation
permit?
Foramen Magnum
Houses the spinal cord for connection
with the inferior portion of the brain.
Flanked by two occipital Condyles.
Condyles articulate with the 1st
vertebra of the spinal cord, permitting
a nodding movement of the head.
Identify the indention
at pointer A.
Identify the bone at
pointer B.
Is the bone at pointer
B part of the hard or
soft palate?
Give the function for
the indention at
pointer A.
A
B
A. Mandibular Foramen
B. Palatine Bone
Hard Palate
Permits the nerves responsible for
tooth sensation to pass to the teeth in
the lower jaw.
Give the name for
the two structures
at the pointers.
What do they
articulate with?
Give the name for
the articulating
surface of the
articulating bone.
Occipital Condyles
Articulate with the
Atlas C1 vertebral
disk.
Articulating
surface= Superior
articular facet.
Superior Articular Facet
Test yourself!! How many can you
identify? B
C
D
A
J.
H
F
G
E
I
A. Occipital Bone
B. Parietal Bone
C. Frontonasal Suture
D. Mandibular Foramen
E. Foramen Magnum.
F. External Auditory Meatus
G. Styloid process
H. Coronoid Process
I. Mandibular Condyle
J. Maxilla
Hands and Feet
Identify the basic
name given to the
bones in this
region.
How many bones
does this region
consist of?
Wrist or carpals
8 bones make up
the wrist
Give the collective
name for this group
of bones.
Which bones do
they articulate
with?
Number them
correctly.
Metacarpals
Bases articulate
with carpals.
5
4 3
2
1
Give the collective
name for this group
of bones.
How many bones
make up this
group?
Give the singular
term for these
bones and identify
which digit lacks
the third one.
Phalanges
14 Phalanges
Phalanx, Digit 1
( Thumb ).
Identify:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
g
h
f
a
e
d
c
A. Trapezium
B. Scaphoid
C. Capitate
D. Lunate
E. Triquertral
F. Pisiform
G. Hamate
H. Trapezoid.
Give the terms for
each lettered
section.
A
B
C
A. Distal
B. Middle
C. Proximal
Give the collective name in the green Oval
Give the collective name in the Pink Rectangle
Give the collective name in the Yellow Square.
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges.
Identify the numbered bones
b
g
f
a
e
c
d
A. Calcaneus
B. Talus
C. Navicular
D. Medical Cuniform
E. Intermediate Cuniform
F. Lateral Cuniform
G.Cuboid.
Label The arches
Medial Longitudinal Arch.
Transverse Arch
Lateral Longitudinal Arch.
Superior Skeleton
Pectoral Girdle & Arm
Identify this bone.
What bone(s) does
it articulate with?
Clavicle
Clavicle articulates medially with the
sternum and laterally with the
scapula.
Identify this bone
Which bone(s)
does it articulate
with?
Where is this bone
located in the
body?
Scapula
Articulates with the
humerus and
clavicle.
Located in the
posterior thorax
Identify this bone
What does it
articulate with?
Name the cavity
that the head of
this bone fits into to
allow the arm to
hang freely.
Humerus
Articulates with the Scapula and
elbow ( radius and ulna )
Fits into the glenoid Cavity of the
scapula.
Identify this bone
What does it articulate
with?
Give the name for the
deep cavity separating
the two processes in
this bone.
Name the two
processes in this bone
Ulna
Articulates with the humerus.
Trochlear notch separates two
processes.
Two processes : Olecranon and
Coronoid process.
Identify this bone.
Give two markings
associated with this
bone
What does it
articulate with?
What muscle is
anchored by the
radial tuberosity in
this bone?
Radius
(1) Radial Tuberosity (2) Ulnar Notch.
Superior surface articulates the
capitulum of the humerus. Medially it
articulates with radial notch of the
ulna.
Radial Tuberosity anchors the bicep
muscle.
Rib Cage
Identify this Bone.
Give the name for
the superior portion
of this bone,
indicated by the
arrow, and what it
articulates with.
What type of bone
is it?
Sternum
Manubrium, articulates with the
clavicular notches.
Flat bone
Give the name
designated to the
first 7 ribs.
What tissue
connects the first 7
ribs to the
sternum?
True or Vertebrosternal ribs.
Costal Cartilage
Identify the
encircled structure
What bone does it
articulate with?
What muscles
attach to this
structure?
Xiphoid Process
Articulates with the sternal body.
Attachment point for abdominal
muscles.
Give the name
designated for ribs 812.
Which ribs ,from this
group, are attached
through cartilage to
the sternum?
Give the name for the
ones that entirely lack
a sternal attachment.
False Ribs, Vertebrochondral ribs.
7-10 attach to the sternum
11-12 have no attachment and are
called vertebral ribs, or floating ribs.
Identify the groove found in the inferior
border of the ribs.
What does this groove lodge?
Costal Groove
Lodges nerves and blood vessels
Identify the parts of
this rib. ( Rib 7 )
B
F
C
E
D
A
A. Costal Surface
B. Shaft
C. Neck of the Rib
D. Head of the Rib
E. Tubercle of Rib
F. Angle of the Rib.
Identify the
encircled structure.
What part of the
bone above does
this structure
articulate with?
Transverse
Process
Tubercle of Rib.
Inferior Skeleton
Pelvic Region
Identify the bone at
the green arrow
Identify the bone at
the pink arrow.
Identify the
structure at the
blue arrow.
Sacrum
Coccyx
Sacral Promontory
Identify the bone at
the pointer.
Name the spines
found on the anterior
and posterior of this
bone.
What are they used
for?
Name the notch found
in this bone
responsible for the
passage of the sciatic
nerve into the thigh.
Ilium
Anterior and posterior inferior iliac
spines.
Attachment points for the muscles of
the trunk, hip, and thigh.
Greater Sciatic notch.
Identify the bone at
the green arrow
Identify the bone at
the Pink arrow.
Identify the region
indicated by the
blue bar.
Identify the
structure at the
orange arrow.
Pubis or Pubic Bone
Ischium
Pubic arch
Pubic Symphysis.
Identify each
colored arrow.
Green:
Pink:
Blue:
Yellow:
Sacroiliac joint
Iliac Crest
Acetabulum
Pubic Crest.
Identify arrow A.
(on the “edge” of the
pubic bone)
Identify arrow B.
A
B
A. Pelvic Brim
Ischial Spine.
Leg
Identify this bone.
Specify right or
Left.
Identify the
protrusion at the
arrow.
What bone does
this articulate with?
Right Femur
Lesser Trochanter
Articulates with Tibia and patella
Identify structures
A-D.
Identify the
structure at the
pink arrow and
name the structure
or surface that it
articulates with.
D
C
A
B
A. Lateral Condyle
B. Patellar surface
C. Medial Condyle
D. Greater Trochanter.
Fovea Capitis ( Head ) Articulates
with the lateral region of the pelvis.
Specifically the Acetabulum.
Identify this bone
What does it
articulate with?
Identify the
protrusion at the
pointer.
Tibia
Femur
Intercondylar Eminence
Identify this
structure
What part of the
body does it form?
Medial Malleolus
Forms the medial bulge of the ankle.
Identify this bone
What does it
articulate with?
Identify the
structure at the
pointer.
What part of the
body does it form?
Fibula
Articulates proximally and distally with
the lateral aspects of the tibia.
Lateral Malleolus.
Forms the lateral ankle bulge.
Identify the bulge
at the arrow.
What connects to
this structure?
Tibial Tuberosity
Patellar Ligaments.
Identify this bone.
What function does
it serve?
Name the area at
the pointer.
Name the posterior
surface of the
aforementioned
area.
Patella
Protects the knee joint anteriorly and
improves leverage of the thigh
muscles acting across the knee.
Apex
Surface for Patellar ligament.
Spinal Cord
Identify the 5
regions of the
vertebral column.
Which vertebra are
found in each
region?
In an adult, how
many vertebra are
present? In an
infant?
Cervical ( C1-C7)
Thoracic ( T1-T12)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Sacrum ( 5 fused vertebra)
Coccyx ( 4 fused vertebra )
Adult 26
Infant 33
Give the proper
name for this disk
( C1)
What does it
articulate with
Name the
vertebrae found
just inferior to this
bone.
Atlas
Articulates with the occipital condyles
of the skull.
Axis.
Give the name and
function of the
protrusion.
( Disk C2)
Dens or Odontoid Process
Keeps the head from overextending
backward, and allows for a side to
side rotation of the head.
List a difference in
Disk A, from Disk
B.
List a difference in
Disk B from disk C.
Identify A, B , and
C according to the
regions they are
found in.
A
B
C
Disk A has transverse foramen.
Disk B does not have foramen, has a
longer sharper spinous process.
Disk C does not have transverse foramen
and has a more blunt spinous process.
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar.