Monday, Jan 12
Outline of Topics
• Powers of Ten;
•
•
•
Review scale – How
small/big size? How short/long time?
Why/how biologists classify things
Brief survey of kingdoms
Prokaryotes & Viruses
-10
evolution 15
--1 million years
10
--1000 years
--sun's distance
--1 billion years
—li f e
—eukaryot es
—ani mal s
—Cambri an expl osi on
—fi sh ( vert ebrat es)
—land pl ant s & f ungi ( bryophyt es, l i chens)
—land art hropods ( mi l l i pedes)
—pl ant vascul ar t i ssue
—amphi bi ans
—amni ot e egg / seed
—PANGEA begi ns
—bees
—mammal s
—fl owers
—di nosaurs ext i nct
—pri mat es
—homi ni ds
—Homo sapi ens neandert hal ensi s
—Homo sapi ens sapi ens
--1 billion meters
--15 bil yr (age of universe)
-5
--1/10 second
5
10
15
--known universe
--milky way galaxy
--1 light year
ecosystems
--10 seconds
--solar system
--1 minute
organisms
--earth
cells
}--1--biome
million meters
--1 hour
organismal interactions
--1 kilometer
--1 decimeter
--1 centimeter
--1 millimeter
5
--largest organism
--1 month
-- highest mountain
--1 year
community succession
--average eukaryotic cell
--1 micrometer (µm)-- average bacterial cell; eukaryotic nucleus, mitochondrion
--width of DNA helix
--1 Angstrom (Å) --carbon atom electron shell
--1 nanometer
--1 picometer
--proton
--carbon atom nucleus
-15
molecules
Log10(Seconds)
3. 5 bi l
1. 5
650 mi l
550
500
430
420
375
350
300
280
225
200
150
65
50
4
0. 2
0. 05
25
Log10(Meters)
--1 millisecond
cellular interactions
-5
--1 microsecond
Intersection of Time
molecular interactions
and Space
--1 nanosecond
-10
--1 picosecond
-15
--1 femtosecond
Origin is one meter and one second
Links
• Cosmic View
http://www.vendian.org/mncharity/cosmicview/
• A Walk Through Time
•
http://www.globalcommunity.org/wtt/index.
shtml
Chris Scotese’s Paleomap Project
http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm
Powers of Ten http://www.powersof10.com/#
•
• Bio 102 Home Page
http://fire.biol.wwu.edu/102/
Terminology
• Terminology is not the focus of this course
• You need to learn some basic terms: those in
•
•
lab exercises and lecture notes
“Taxa”: remember the phyla, (classes), and
representative genera I introduce in lecture
Do not remember all the bold-faced terms in
the text
* (although it might be nice for you to know them when you read the text – See
Starr & Taggart Glossary)
• Watch the references to chemistry and cells
* (review chapters on chemistry and cells)
New species must be
validly described
How many species are there?
Plantae 248
Fungi 47
Algae 27
Porifera 5
Coelenterata 9
Platyhelminthes 12
Nematoda 12
Protozoa 31
Prokaryotes
5
Mammalia
Aves 94
Reptilia 6
Amphibia 4
Pisces 19
Echinodermata 6
Mollusca 50
Annelida 12
Thousands of described
species per phylum
Prokaryotes 5
Protozoa 31
Algae 27
Plantae 248
Fungi 47
Porifera 5
Coelenterata 9
Platyhelminthes 12
Nematoda 12
Mollusca 50
Annelida 12
Non-insect Arthropoda 123
Insecta 751
Echinodermata 6
Pisces 19
Amphibia 4
Reptilia 6
Aves 9
Mammalia 4
Total = 1,381 thousand
Non-insect Arthropoda 123
Data from World Resources Institute
Insecta 751
How does this relate to the
biodiversity we see today?
Six Kingdoms defined
•
•
•
The six “kingdoms”
*
*
*
*
*
*
Bacteria – in Domain Bacteria
Archaea – in Domain Archaea
Protista
Plants
in Domain Eukarya
Fungi
Animals
}
Simple diagnostic characters won’t always
classify every organism into its proper kingdom
* Prokaryotic / eukaryotic
* Cell arrangement
* Metabolism of carbon (autotrophs or heterotrophs?)
The number of kingdoms is debatable