Origins of the Cold War
Ch 13.1
Monday, May 7, 2012
• Daily goal(s): Understand the causes of the
Cold War.
• Understand how Containment and the
Truman Doctrine dealt w/ Communism.
Brainstorm
• What is Communism?
• Write down 5 things you associate with
Communism.
What happened to the World Powers?
World Powers Before WWII
• Germany• France• Britain• America• Soviet Union-
Status after WII
• Defeated/Broke
• Humiliated/Broke
• Weak/Broke
• Victorious/Booming
• Victorious/Rebuilding
Cold War?
• Why do you think its called a Cold War?
The Cold War
• Era of confrontation and competition between
the US and Soviet Union from 1946-1990.
Background information
• The United States believed that economic
problems (the Depression) caused WWII.
• Countries with high unemployment elected
radical leaders (Hitler! Mussolini!)
• The Depression was worsened by limiting
trade.
• FDR believed creating economic growth would
build world peace.
• Trade barriers were largely eliminated.
Conflicting Goals
American
Soviet
•Spread Democracy
•Promote economic
growth through
Capitalism
•Help Germany rebuild
•Wanted to control
countries in Eastern
Europe to secure its’
border
•Spread Communism
•Wanted a weak and
divided Germany
The Conferences
• Before the War’s end the Allies were meeting
to plan the post war world.
Yalta
Potsdam
•Poland would be a
communist country.
•The people of Europe
would be able to pick their
own government.
•Germany would be
divided.
•Germany would be split
into 4 zones
•Germany would no longer
be allowed to have a
military.
Occupied Germany
• Germany was occupied and divided into 4
zones: American, French, British and Soviet
zones.
• The capital Berlin was in the Soviet zone, but
split like the rest of the country in 4.
What is the Iron Curtain?
Iron Curtain
• Separated the Communist nations of Eastern
Europe from the West.
• The communist countries of Eastern Europe
were called Satellite nations, because they
were under Soviet influence.
Containment
• Trying to stop the spread of Communism using
diplomatic, economic and military actions.
Truman Doctrine
• The US committed to aiding “free peoples”
(those fighting Communism)
Think About it…
• Who is more likely to become a Communist
country- a rich country? Or a poor country?
GERMAN CITY OF HAMBURG IN 1947
BEFORE THE MARSHALL PLAN
HAMBURG, 1952, AFTER THE
MARSHALL PLAN
26
WITH HELP FROM THE MARSHALL PLAN WESTERN EUROPEAN ECONOMIES REVIVE
27
The Marshall Plan is a major factor in Western
Europe's recovery from the devastation of WWII
28
Marshall Plan
• Gave European nations American aid to
rebuild their economies.
• Weakened appeal of Communism
• Opened New Markets for Trade
Berlin Airlift 1948-49
• Read pg. 611 The Berlin
Airlift
• 1948 Western Germany
formed
• U.S.S.R. retaliates- hold
Western Berlin hostage
• U.S. 327 days, 277,000
flights, 2.3 million tons
of supplies
BERLIN AIRLIFT: JUNE 1948 TO MAY 1949
38
EVERYTHING FROM COAL TO CHOCOLATE WAS FLOWN IN BY FLEETS OF AMERICAN AND BRITISH
CARGO PLANES
LOADING BAGS OF COAL
MAKING SMALL PARACHUTES TO DROP
39
CANDY TO BERLIN CHILDREN
PRESIDENT TRUMAN MADE IT CLEAR THAT IF ONE CARGO PLANE WAS SHOT DOWN IT WOULD
MEAN WAR BETWEEN THE US AND USSR
40
IN MAY OF 1949 THE RUSSIANS ENDED THE BERLIN BLOCKADE
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Berlin Airlift
• Britain, France and USA merged their zones
into West Germany.
• Threatened by this the Soviets cut off all traffic
to West Berlin.
• The US responded by supplying West Berlin by
Air.