KIM Chart
Cold War
Iron Curtain
Truman Doctrine
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Marshall Plan
Berlin Airlift
Containment Policy
Mao Zedong
Korean War
Sputnik
House Un-American Activities
Committee
Rosenberg Trial
Venona Papers
McCarthyism
Jonas Salk
Civil Rights Act of 1957/1964
Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board of Education
Thurgood Marshall
Orval Faubus
Lester Maddox
George Wallace
Affirmative Action
Billy Graham
Sweatt v. Painter
GI Bill (Servicemen’s Readjustment
Act of 1944)
Tension between the United States and Soviet Union. Lasted 45 years.
Communism vs. Democracy. West vs. East
• Imaginary border dividing Europe after World War II. Warsaw Pact on
the East and NATO on the West.
• Intergovernmental military alliance formed by the Western allies to
provide protection to Western Europe
• Established that the United States would offer aid to countries (like
Greece and Turkey) who were trying to resist Communism
• American initiative to aid Europe and Asia after the Truman Doctrine
• Western allies offered supplies to western Berlin after being
blockaded by the Soviet Union
• Truman and future U.S. presidents sought to stop the spread of
Communism in the world.
• Leader of a Communist revolution in China
• Communist North Korea invades South Korea and Truman comes to
the aid of South Korea with General MacArthur to lead U.S. forces.
• Sent into space by the Russians in 1957 during the “Space Race”
• Establishment of the Loyalty Review Boards to investigate individual
activities who were accused of un-patriotic activities. If people were
deemed Communist, they were frequently “blacklisted” and lost their
jobs.
• Tried and executed as Russian spies
• Released in 1997, revealed the identities of several Americans who
had spied for the Soviet Union, included Julius Rosenberg.
• Named after the Senator who conducted hearings in Congressional
committees and never produced proof against communism.
• Developed the first vaccine for polio
Roots of the Cold War
• Communism vs. Democracy
• Yalta and Potsdam Conferences
• Cold War Begins
Category
Soviet Communism
Political System
One political party, the Communist
Party
A multi-party democracy
All labor groups and other
associations are run by the
Communist Party
Unions and other organizations
openly negotiate with employers
Industries and farms are owned by
the state; central planners
determine the nation’s economic
needs; limited private property;
education and health care provided
by the state.
Free enterprise system; private
ownership of property; supply and
demand determine prices; people
meet their own needs with some
limited government involvement
Religion is discouraged
Free exercise of religion
Secret police arrest opponents;
censorship; no free exercise of
beliefs
Freedom of the press and
expression
Organizations
Economic System
Religion
Individual Rights
American
Democracy
Yalta
Conference
Potsdam
Conference
Iron Curtain
• Stalin refused to allow free
elections in Poland.
• United States refused to share
secrets behind the atomic bomb
• Soviets occupied Eastern Europe
• Trade between Eastern and
Western Europe was cut off.
• http://www.coldwar.me/coldwarvideosforkids.html
• http://wars.mrdonn.org/coldwar.html
• http://thefrontseat.weebly.com/the-cold-war.html
Origins of U.S. Containment
• Truman Doctrine
• Marshall Plan
• Berlin Airlift and Divided Germany
• NATO & Warsaw Pact
• Iron Curtain
• Mao Zedong & China
Truman Doctrine
• Communists threatened to invade
Greece and Turkey
• Truman offered military aid
• Did not want a repeat of the Munich
Conference
• “I believe that it must be the policy of
the United States to support free
peoples who are resisting attempted
conquest by armed minorities or by
outside pressures.”
Marshall Plan
• Famine in Europe after WWII
• Farm production destroyed
• George C. Marshall proposed massive
aid to the war-torn countries to build
their economies
• Marshall plan helped economies grow
at unprecedented rates!
Berlin Airlift
• French, Britain, and America merge
their zones of Germany: West
Germany
• Berlin is located in Soviet Zone
• Soviets announce blockade of
Western Berlin
• Airlift fed and supplied the Western
part of Berlin until Soviets lifted the
blockade.
• The Western Allies would not
retreat!!
NATO & Warsaw Pact
• NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949)—each NATO
member pledged to defend every other member
• Warsaw Pact: Soviet’s response to NATO with its Eastern Allies
Iron Curtain
• Soviets stop an anticommunist revolution
in Hungary in 1956
• Erect Berlin Wall in
1961
• Invade Czechoslovakia
in 1968
• All done without active
interference by NATO
China & Communism
• Containment policy
• Soviets help Chinese Revolution in
1945
• Led by Mao Zedong
• Defeated Nationalists in 1949
• World’s LARGEST Communist State
• Truman vetoed “Red China” entered
the United Nations
Korean War
• Korea split into TWO: North Korea (Communist)
& South Korea (Democracy)
• North Korea invaded South Korea—U.N.
Soldiers enter Korea
• Truman-MacArthur Controversy
• MacArthur commands U.N. soldiers.
• MacArthur pushes North Koreans to border of
China
• MacArthur goes a bit crazy (Liberate China! Use the
A-Bomb! Truman refused)
• War comes to End
• Eisenhower becomes president (From D-Day
invasion)
• Armistice signed in 1953
• Korea still split in two
Arms & Space Races
• 1945: USA only one with atomic power
• 1949: Soviet Union developed atomic bomb
• 1952: USA develops hydrogen bomb (more powerful than A-BOMB)
• 1953: Soviet Union develops their own hydrogen bomb
• Missile Sites & Deterrents
• Sputnik
• First man-made satellite into space in 1957
• Americans quickly responded by launching their satellite in 1958
Cold War at Home
• House Un-American Activities Committee
• Congress investigate people thought to be communist
• Rosenberg Trials
• Julius and Ethel charged with selling national secrets
to the Soviet Union
• McCarthy Hearings
• Senator Joseph McCarthy created fears without proof
of any communism
• McCarthyism was similar to a witch hunt
Eisenhower Presidency
• Foreign Policy
• Eisenhower Doctrine—extension of containment
• Domestic Policy
• Interstate Highway Act—created federal highways
• Housing Boom because of “Baby Boom”
• G.I. Bill—helped veterans
• Advances in Medicine
• Jonas Salk—vaccine for Polio
• Measles vaccines
• Other discoveries
Civil Rights Movement
• Origins of Civil Rights
• Brown v. Board of Education
• March to Equality
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Little Rock, Arkansas
Congressional Bloc of Southern Democrats
Sit-Ins and Freedom Rides
King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail
March on Washington
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Affirmative Action