Industry – An Introduction
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Learning objectives
Industry: an introduction
How can industrial activity be classified?
How do global employment patterns vary?
How can industry be described as a system?
What links exist between different industries?
What factors influence the location of industry?
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How can industrial activity be classified?
There are many different types of industry. We can classify
industry into three main categories:
Primary
Secondary
These industries
extract raw materials
directly from the
earth or sea.
These industries
process and
manufacture
products from raw
materials.
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Tertiary
These industries
provide a
service.
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Classification of industry
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What is a quaternary industry?
There are also quaternary industries.
These industries incorporate a high
degree of research and technology in
their processes and employ highly
qualified people.
Biotechnology and computer
programming are examples of
quaternary industries.
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© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Learning objectives
Industry: an introduction
How can industrial activity be classified?
How do global employment patterns vary?
How can industry be described as a system?
What links exist between different industries?
What factors influence the location of industry?
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How do global employment patterns vary?
The balance of jobs between the three categories in a particular
area or country is called the employment structure.
Country
Bangladesh
Brazil
Cameroon
France
India
Italy
Japan
UK
USA
Primary (%) Secondary (%)
63
23
79
4
60
5
5
1
2
11
24
13
24
17
32
25
25
24
Tertiary (%)
26
53
17
72
23
63
70
74
74
A major reason for some changes in employment
structure is mechanization – the use of machines to do
jobs rather than people.
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Interpreting graphs
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© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Learning objectives
Industry: an introduction
How can industrial activity be classified?
How do global employment patterns vary?
How can industry be described as a system?
What links exist between different industries?
What factors influence the location of industry?
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How can industry be described as a system?
Think of industry as a cake-making process!
For a company to be profitable, the value of the
outputs must be greater than the cost of the inputs.
PROCESSES
INPUTS
These can be
These are the
physical, human and activities that are
economic inputs.
involved.
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OUTPUTS
These are the
finished products
and any waste.
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Industrial system for a clothing factory
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Examination question
Study the photograph.
What type of industrial activity is taking place here?
Describe the links between secondary and tertiary
industries.
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© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Learning objectives
Industry: an introduction
How can industrial activity be classified?
How do global employment patterns vary?
How can industry be described as a system?
What links exist between different industries?
What factors influence the location of industry?
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Links between different industries
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Learning objectives
High-technology industry
How can industrial activity be classified?
How do global employment patterns vary?
How can industry be described as a system?
What links exist between different industries?
What factors influence the location of
industry?
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How do industries choose their location?
Deciding where to
locate an industry
requires weighing
up a large number
of factors.
The owner will
want to locate at
a site that will
give the greatest
profit.
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Factors influencing location of industry
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Location of different industries
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Examination question
Study the diagram showing factors that are important for the
location of a manufacturing industry.
Energy
Components
Capital
Transport
Finished
products
What is manufacturing industry?
Complete the missing boxes for inputs and outputs.
What are ‘components’?
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Industry anagrams
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Industry classification
1
2 Oil drilling
Study the photographs.
Categorize these industries under the
following headings: primary, secondary
and tertiary.
Are any of these industries quaternary?
4
3 NAPP Pharmaceuticals
Research
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Industry: an introduction
Key ideas
Industry can be classified into four main categories:
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
Employment structure varies between areas, countries
and over time.
There are links between all of the main industrial
categories.
Industrial location depends upon a range of physical
and human and economic factors.
The decision for choosing a site is usually determined
by the site that will give the greatest profit.
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