Name:__________________________________ Date:_______________ Block:__________
Pictured below is a cladogram. A cladogram is used to classify organisms according to their evolutionary relationships to each other. Use the words below and determine how plants evolved.
Flowering plants Algae Ferns
Cone-bearing plants Mosses Ancestor

Plant and Fungi Kingdom Guided notes
Fungi Kingdom:

Fungi are decomposes (break down dead plants and animals).

Fungi are also used to make medicine (antibiotics), and as a food source.

Fungi include mushrooms, molds, and yeast.
Fungi structure:

All fungi are eukaryotic. They may be unicellular or multicellular

All fungi have a cell wall made of chitin (a carbohydrate)

Uses spores to reproduce
Plant Kingdom

All plants are multicellular, have a cell wall, and are autotrophs
4 Major Plant groups

Bryophytes (Mosses)

Pteridophytes (Ferns)

Gymnosperms (cone bearers)

Angiosperms (Flowering plants)
Key Words Defined

Vascular- tissue used to transport water and nutrients throughout plant.
Consists of xylem and phloem

Non-vascular- does not contain vascular tissue


Seeds- embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering called the seed coat

Spores- a hard protective structure used in asexual reproductio
Phylum Bryophyta

Mosses are small flowerless plants that grow in dense green clumps, in damp, shady locations.

The individual plants are one-cell thick leaves. Mosses do not have seeds or any vascular tissue. Mosses produce thin stalks topped with capsules containing spores.
Phylum Pteridophyte

A fern is a vascular plant that reproduces with spores and has neither seeds nor flowers. Ferns differ from mosses by being vascular (i.e. having water-conducting vessels).
Phylum Gymnosperm

The gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing, vascular plants that includes conifers, cycads, and Ginkgo. The term "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek meaning "naked seeds". Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of cones.
Phylum Angiosperm

The flowering plants (angiosperms), are the most diverse group of land plants.

Angiosperms are seed-producing vascular plants. Angiosperms differ from gymnosperms because they produce flowers (with seeds inside).

Plant and Fungi Kingdom Guided notes
Fungi Kingdom:

Fungi are ______________________________________________________

Fungi are also used to ___________________________________________

Fungi include __________________________________________________
Fungi structure:

All fungi are _________. They may
__________________________

All fungi have a cell wall made of ________________________

Uses ______________________
Plant Kingdom

All plants ____________________________________________________
4 Major Plant groups

___________________ (Mosses)

___________________ (Ferns)

__________________ (cone bearers)

________________ (Flowering plants)
Key Words Defined

Vascular- _____________________________________________________
Consists of xylem and phloem

Non-vascular___________________________________________________


Seeds_______________________________________________________ called the seed coat

Spores- _______________________________________ used in asexual reproduction
Phylum Bryophyta

Mosses are ________________________________ that grow in dense green clumps, in damp, shady locations.

The individual plants are ______________________. Mosses __________
_________________________________. Mosses produce thin stalks topped with _______________________________________________.
Phylum Pteridophyte

A fern is a _______________________________________ and has neither
____________________________. Ferns __________________________
____________________________ (i.e. having water-conducting vessels).
Phylum Gymnosperm

The gymnosperms are a group of _____________________________ that includes conifers, cycads, and Ginkgo. The term "__________________" comes from the ____________________________________".
Gymnosperm __________________________________________________.
Phylum Angiosperm

The flowering plants (angiosperms), are the
____________________________________________________________

Angiosperms _____________________________________. Angiosperms
______________________________________________ (with seeds inside).