CECILLE ANN RAVALO
Who is Sigmund Freud ?
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Sigmund Freud Biography
Scholar, Psychiatrist (1856–1939)
NAME
Sigmund Freud
OCCUPATION
Scholar, Psychiatrist
BIRTH DATE
May 6, 1856
DEATH DATE
September 23, 1939
EDUCATION
University of Vienna
PLACE OF BIRTH
Freiberg, Moravia, Austrian Empire
PLACE OF DEATH
London, England
ORIGINALLY
Sigismund Schlomo Freud
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of
personality argued that human behavior was the
result of the interaction of three component parts
of the mind: the id, ego, and superego. His
structural theory placed great importance on the
role of unconscious psychological conflicts
in shaping behavior and personality. Dynamic
interactions among these basic parts of the mind
were thought to carry human beings through
five psychosexual stages of
development: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
Each stage required mastery for a human to develop
properly and move on to the next stage
successfully. Freud's ideas have since been met
with criticism, mostly because of his singular focus
What is psychoanalytic theory ?
Psychoanalytic theory originated with
the work of Sigmund Freud. Through
his clinical work with patients suffering from
mental illness, Freud came to believe that
childhood experiences and unconscious
desires influenced behavior. Based on his
observations, he developed a theory that
described development in terms of a series of
psychosexual stages. According to Freud,
conflicts that occur during each of these
stages can have a lifelong influence on
personality and behavior
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Psychoanalytic theory was an enormously
influential force during the first half of the
twentieth century. Those inspired and
influenced by Freud went on to expand upon
Freud's ideas and develop theories of their own.
Of these neo-Freudians, Erik Erikson's ideas have
become perhaps the best known. Erikson's eightstage theory of psychosocial development
describes growth and change throughout the
lifespan, focusing on social interaction and
conflicts that arise during different stages of
development.
 The id is the only component of personality that is present
from birth.
 This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and
includes of the instinctive and primitive behaviors.
 According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic
energy, making it the primary component of personality.
 The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for
immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs. If
these needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is a
state anxiety or tension.
 The ego is the component of personality that is responsible for
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dealing with reality.
According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures
that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner
acceptable in the real world.
The ego functions in both the conscious, preconscious,
and unconscious mind.
The ego operates based on the reality principle, which strives to
satisfy the id's desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways.
The reality principle weighs the costs and benefits of an action
before deciding to act upon or abandon impulses. In many cases,
the id's impulses can be satisfied through a process of delayed
gratification--the ego will eventually allow the behavior, but only
in the appropriate time and place.
The ego also discharges tension created by unmet impulses
through the secondary process, in which the ego tries to find an
object in the real world that matches the mental image created
by the id's primary process.
 The last component of personality to develop is the
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superego.
The superego is the aspect of personality that holds all of
our internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire
from both parents and society - our sense of right and
wrong.
The superego provides guidelines for making judgments.
According to Freud, the superego begins to emerge at
around age five.
There are two parts of the superego:
Unresolved conflicts between the id-ego
and superego-ego can lead to a fixation
or blockage in development.
 Results in excessive dependence or
manipulation.
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QUOTES
“Religion is an illusion and it
derives its strength from the fact
that it falls in with our instinctual
desires.”
—Sigmund Freud