The First Jewish Revolt (66-73 CE)

Events of the War
– Nero, Vespasian, Titus,
Masada

The Book of
Revelation
 Effects of the Fall of
Jerusalem on Judaism
and Christianity
Key Terms
First Jewish Revolt
The Good Emperors

Trajan (98-117)
 Marcus Aurelius
(161-180)
Key Terms
Trajan
Marcus Aurelius
The Later Roman Empire
(c. 200-476 CE)

The Rise of Christendom
– Roman Economic Decline
– Christian Success
– Neo-Platonism and Criticism of Christianity
– The Decian Persecution (249-251)
Key Terms
Neo-Platonism
Decian Persecution
Later Roman Empire (cont’d)

The Rise of Christendom
(cont’d)
– Diocletian (284-305)


Reorganization of Empire
The Great Persecution
– Constantine (312-337)

Emperorship
– Edict of Milan (313)
– Byzantium/Constantinople

Arianism
– Council of Nicea (325)

Re-imagining the Relationship
Between Church and State
Key Terms
Diocletian
Constantine
Edict of Milan
Arianism
Council of Nicea
Later Roman Empire (cont’d)

The Loss of Religious Freedom
 Migrating Barbarians
– Theodosius I (379-395)

Christian Intellectuals
– Ambrose
– Augustine vs. Pelagius

New Church-State Developments
 Separation of East and West
Key Terms
Theodosius I
Ambrose
Augustine
Later Roman Empire (cont’d)

The Western Empire
– Honorius (395-423)
 Sacking of Rome by Visigoths (410)
– Romulus Augustulus (475-476)
Key Terms
Romulus Augustulus
The Byzantine East

Overview
 Justinian I (527-565)
 Heraclius I (610-641)
 Byzantine Christianity
 Byzantine Philosophy
 The Slavs
Key Terms
Byzantine Empire
Justinian I
Heraclius I
The Rise of Islam (610-1268 CE)

Pre-Islamic Arabia



Political
Organization
Religion
Mecca
Key Terms
Ka‘ba
The Rise of Islam (cont’d)

Muhammad




Early Life
Call to Prophecy
Flight from Mecca to Medina
As Leader of the Islamic Community
Key Terms
shahada
Hadith
The Rise of Islam (cont’d)

The Rashidun Caliphate




Abu Bakr (632-634)
‘Umar (634-644)
‘Uthman (644-656)
‘Ali (656-661)
Key Terms
Rashidun Caliphate
jihad
‘Ali
First Fitna
The Rise of Islam (cont’d)

Shi‘a and Sunni
Key Terms
Shia
imam
Sunni
Sharia
Green: region under the control of ‘Ali
Red: region under the control of Mu‘awiyah
Blue: region under the control of Amr
The Rise of Islam (cont’d)

The Ummayad Caliphate (661-750)


Mu‘awiyah I (661-680)
‘Abbasid Revolt
Key Terms
Mu‘awiyah I
Ummayad Caliphate
The Rise of Islam (cont’d)

The ‘Abbasid Caliphate (758-1258)
Key Terms
Abbassid Caliphate
Mamluks