Plural means there is more than one.
 If you have one book, then “book” is in the singular—there is only one. If you have two books, then “books” is in the plural—there is more than one.
 Although there are some weird (teachers call them “irregular”) plurals, there are some easy rules that apply to most situations: o Usually you just add s.
 wave – waves hat – hats o If the word ends in o, usually you add es.
school – schools
 hero – heroes potato – potatoes o If the word ends in s, x, z, ch, or sh, add es (notice that if you say the plural word out loud, you can hear the e in the es).
 glass
– glasses box
– boxes fuzz – fuzzes
 church – churches bush – bushes o If the word ends in y and there’s a vowel (a, e, i, o, or u) before the y, just add s.
 play – plays monkey – monkeys o If the word ends in y and there’s a consonant before the y, change the y to i and add es.
 party – parties candy – candies doggy – doggies o If a proper noun (someone’s name) ends in y, just add s.
 the Kennedy family – the Kennedys the Jay family – the Jays o If a compound noun (a noun containing more than one word) has a main noun in it, add s to the main noun.
 One father-in-law – two fathers-in-law
 One chief of police – two chiefs of police o If a compound noun has no main noun in it, add the s at the end.
 One follow-up – two follow-ups one trade-in – two trade-ins
Possessive means someone possesses it (which means it belongs to someone).
 When we want to show that someone owns something, we use a possessive noun. For example, the book that belongs to Jordan is Jordan’s book. There are a couple rules. o To make a noun possessive, usually add an apostrophe and an s.
 Sofia – Sofia’s cat dog – the dog’s tail Boris – Boris’s moustache o When 2 people own the same thing, use an apostrophe and s for only the second person.
 Billy and Bob’s car (They share one car.)
 Kate and Meg’s mother (They share one mother.) o When 2 people don’t own the same thing, use an apostrophe and s for each person.
 Billy’s and Bob’s teeth (They don’t share the same teeth.)
 Jess’s and Joe’s toes (They don’t share the same toes.)
What about making plural nouns possessive?????
 This is easier than you think. If the plural ends in s (like dogs), just add an apostrophe. If the plural does not end in s (like women), then add an apostrophe and an s.
o The boys’ coats o The women’s dresses my parents’ car my bosses’ homes the children’s toys
 HINT: Before you make a noun possessive, figure out if it is a singular or plural noun first. Then make it possessive. For example, if you borrow your parent’s car, then the car belongs to only Mom or Dad, not both of them. But if you borrow your parents’ car, then the car belongs to both of your parents.