Topic 9:
In the Flow: Resource
Discovery and Disclosure
第九讲：资源的发现与公开
Lorcan Dempsey
THE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY:
in the flow: resource discovery and
disclosure
4
Lorcan Dempsey, OCLC
Attention switch
Then: Resources scarce; attention abundant.
Now: Attention scarce; resources abundant.
Workflow switch
Then: Expect workflows to be built around my
service.
Now: Build services around workflows
“….. mere availability is meaningless ….. “*
….. getting in the flow…..
* This Psychologist Might Outsmart the Math Brains Competing for the Netflix Prize
http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/magazine/16-03/mf_netflix?currentPage=1
The power of pull
The power of pull
We all talk loosely about information overload
and assume that this is the real problem. In
fact, we live in a world of increasing
knowledge scarcity. The most valuable
knowledge is in very short supply and is
extremely hard to access. Information
overload is a distraction. As we discussed in
earlier chapters, in a world of accelerating
change, the most valuable knowledge is
highly distributed and may be embedded in
the heads of people who are not well known
and who are difficult to identify. [...]
Trends
U Minnesota Discoverability
Users expect discovery and delivery to coincide
Usage of portable Internet-capable devices is expanding
Users increasingly rely on nontraditional information objects
Discovery increasingly happens through recommending
Users are discovering relevant resources outside
traditional library systems
Discoverability Phase 1 final report. http://z.umn.edu/disco1
Findings
U Minnesota discoverability
Catalogs and web sites still seeing significant use
Some evidence of slowing growth in web traffic, usage is shallow
Google is the single greatest source of traffic to our sites and
applications
SFX link resolver is as frequently used as our catalogs or websites
More than 75% of requests to SFX originate externally
(Google
Scholar, PubMed, etc.)
Discoverability Phase 1 final report. http://z.umn.edu/disco1
Principles
U Minnesota discoverability
Discovery should be organized around users rather than
collections or systems. This organization should be based on
realistic, evidence-based models of our users and their research
tasks.
Making collections discoverable requires optimizing for access
by
local and non-local user populations; being good stewards of
our collections means participating in cooperative ventures
that provide broad access to our collections.
Users are successfully discovering relevant resources through nonlibrary systems (e.g., general web searches, e-commerce sites, and
social networking applications). We need to ensure that items in our
collections and licensed resources are discoverable in non-library
environments.
Discoverability Phase 1 final report. http://z.umn.edu/disco1
Discovery
Not just collections: the full range of what the
library has to offer ….
Collections
Website, repositories, … SEO
People, expertise, …
Services
…
Overview
Social
Being visible in a network environment: the power
of pull
Discovery and disclosure
The website is not the sole focus of attention
Social
The power of pull
Access:
the ability to find people and resources when they are needed.
Increasingly at the network level.
Attract valuable and relevant people and resources to you :
Social networking, conferences, location in relevant geographic
spikes (Nashville for country music) are important here, as is the
ability to be open to and develop relationships through
serendipitous encounter.
Achieve:
learning more effectively and translating that learning into
improved performance.
The power of pull
These people and the knowledge flows they generate
can then become effective filters for information more
broadly. By harnessing social media such as blogs,
social-network platforms, and wikis, we can begin to
rely on these mechanisms to expose ourselves to
information that has been curated and passed on by
these people. Since we deeply understand their
contexts and passions, we can begin to determine
when their recommendations are most reliable and
increase our return on attention for both the tacit
knowledge they offer and the information they
recommend to us. Our personal social and
professional networks will be far more effective in
filtering relevant knowledge and information than any
broader social-technology tools we might access.
social
Attract
Recommend
Build community around social objects
(e.g Flickr)
Getting into the flow
Not just providing a
way to interact with
resources …
… but a way of
making yourself
visible and attracting
resources to you.
Flickr commons
A good example, however, of increased
awareness of the Smithsonian's collections
comes from the Smithsonian Libraries'
"Portraits of Scientists“ set on Flickr. These
photographs of 19th and early 20th century
scientists and inventors have been available
on the Smithsonian Libraries' website since
2003. Though a popular and cited Web
resource, in the three months that the
photographs had been on Flickr, they
received nearly as many visits as during the
previous five years on the Smithsonian site.
As an indicator of level of interaction, 55% of
photos have comments and 89% have been
"favorited".
Read more: Rethinking Evaluation Metrics in
Light of Flickr Commons |
conference.archimuse.com
Expertise
People are entry points
Visibility
If the library wishes
to be seen as expert
then its expertise
must be visible
Example: ‘indexing’
librarians at U
Michigan
Attracting ..
Professor/Dean Blogs
Twitter
Youtube
iTunes U
Student blogs
Discovery and disclosure
3 things to look at: 2 modes of discovery and
disclosure
Direct discovery
Library provides discovery services to its resources
Indirect discovery
Discovery happens elsewhere, so library leverages third party environments to
support discovery.
Disclosure
A new focus on syndication, SEO, APIs, etc, to support new forms of discovery
Ithaka S+R
Heterick, B. and
Hanson, C. Bringing
the Library to the
User: Integrating
Local Web-Scale
Discovery Services in
‘Non-Library
Provided’ Discovery
Points.
http://www.cni.org/tf
ms/2011a.spring/Abst
racts/PB-bringingheterick.html
Outside in Bought, licensed
Increased consolidation
Growth in licensed
Move from print to licensed
In Many
Collection
s
Licensed
Aim: to discover
Purchased
High
Stewardsh
ip
Inside out
Low
Stewardsh
ip
In Few
Collection
s
Institutional assets: special collections,
research and learning materials, institutional records, …
Increasingly important?
Aim: to *have* discovered …
Direct discovery
Library access to collections
Direct
Outside in
Integrated access to library collections
Direct discovery
Trend towards integration and the cloud
1. Fragmented: databases, catalog, …..
2. Metasearch: a layer of integration over
distributed resources
3. Discovery layer: centralised index, cloud
based
Indirect discovery
Discovery happens elsewhere …
Indirect
Attract users to library by being positioned ‘in the flow’
Widgets, apps
Resolution, …
In the flow ..
Variety of
workflow
tools
Network
level
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Mendeley
Google
Amazon
Flickr
iTunes
Wikipedia
Twitter
Facebook
…
* Student portal
* Course
management
system
* Reading list
* Refworks, …
* VIVO, OSU Pro, …
* …
Build around workflow
Remember …
Beyond the mobile web. Stephanie Rieger. http://www.slideshare.net/yiibu/beyond-themobilewebbyyiibu
LSE
Library widgets in
Moodle.
U Cambridge
Sakai based learning
management
environment.
Library widgets.
A web index for books?
Link through to library resources through
Worldcat and other union catalogs
Disclosure
Make sure that resources are visible in the flow
Disclosure and syndication – inside out
Institutional assets – website, repositories, …
Holdings – knowledge base, catalog (e.g. Google Scholar)
Disclosure
Effective web presence
Strategic content alliance
A set of materials to advise on how
to create an effective web presence.
SEO
Metadata
Structure
etc ….
Disclosure
External data aggregators fit in to several categories:
• General metadata aggregations (examples:
WorldCat; Google Scholar; OAIster; Primo Central;
Google)
• General data object aggregations (examples:
HathiTrust; Wikipedia; Internet Archive; Flickr
Commons)
• Disciplinary aggregations (examples: AgEcon
Search; ArXiv (for physics); EarthPrints)
• Form aggregations (examples: Digital Dissertations;
MERLOT (learning objects); ArtSTOR; ArchiveGrid)
• Topical aggregations (examples: Minnesota
Reflections; EthicShare)
Discoverability Phase 2 Final Report. http://purl.umn.edu/99734
Some directions
Attracting ….
Social networking strategies for the library
Accessing …
Think of what discovery tools are effective
for particular resources
Disclosing …
Think of what needs to be done to put
resources in the flow
Some references
Sidorko, P. (October, 2009). Planning for a shared research archive: the Hong Kong experience (PDF)
http://www.varastokirjasto.fi/Kuopio3/programme.htm
Hagel, J. ., & Singer, M. (January 01, 1999). Unbundling the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 77, 2)
Lederman, D. (March 21, 2011). From modernist to modern. Inside Higher Ed.
ARL Member Library Profiles. http://www.arl.org/stats/index/profiles/index.shtml
Walter, Scott. (January, 2011). “Distinctive Signifiers of Excellence”: Library Services and
the Future of the Academic Library. College & Research Libraries, 72:6-8
Hagel, J., Brown, J. S., & Davison, L. (2010). The power of pull: How small moves, smartly made, can set
big things in motion. New York: Basic Books
Hanson, C. et al. (March 13, 2009) Discoverability Phase 1 Final Report. http://purl.umn.edu/48258
Hanson, C. et al. (February 04, 2011) Discoverability Phase 2 Final Report. http://purl.umn.edu/99734
Ellenberg, J. (January 01, 2008). The Netflix Challenge - A USD million prize for building a better recommendation engine is luring the
biggest math brains around. Meet the psychologist who just might outsmart them all. Wired, 16, 3, 114
Heterick, B. and Hanson, C. Bringing the Library to the User: Integrating Local Web-Scale
Discovery Services in ‘Non-Library Provided’ Discovery Points.
http://www.cni.org/tfms/2011a.spring/Abstracts/PB-bringing-heterick.html