THE CIVIL WAR
The Union Dissolves
Chapter 11
Section 1
Crittenden Compromise
As a last ditch
compromise, Sen.
Crittenden proposed
drawing the Missouri
Compromise line to the
Pacific.
 Lincoln rejected this since
it would expand slavery

Confederate States
The South was
excited about
forming their
new country
 They held rallies
and shot off
fireworks.

Secession
Southern Secession
Lincoln believed that it was illegal
to secede from the Union
 If a state had to apply for
admittance, he thought states
should also have to ask for
permission to leave.

Fort Sumter
Located at the mouth
of the Charleston
harbor, the South
wanted to keep this
strategic fort
 Lincoln would not
allow the South to take
federal property

Fort Sumter
When the fort ran low of
supplies, Lincoln alerted
the SC governor that
unarmed supply ships
would be entering the
port
 Confederate soldiers
fired upon the fort for 34
hours.

Fort Sumter
Union Major Anderson
surrendered on April 14, 1861
 Lincoln asked the Union states to
provide troops
 They were asked to enlist for just 3
months

Choosing Sides
Southern states that had not yet
seceded had to decide what to do
 Virginia actually split in two
 Once war broke out, many men
had to decide for which cause to
fight
 Families separated over the war

Advantages/Disadvantages
South







9+ million incl 3.5
million slaves
Few factories
9,000 miles of track
Trained leaders
Little money
Fighting on own land
Defensive war
Nort

22 million
people
h

85% manufacturing
22,000 miles of track
Lacked generals
Many resources
Supplies carried into
enemy territory




Advantages/Disadvantages
South




Pig iron in VA only
110,000 workers
1,800 factories
Few firearms
Nort




h more pig iron
20 X’s
1,300,000 workers
110,000 factories
32 X’s firearms
Resources of the North and South
Robert E. Lee
Perhaps the biggest
southern advantage was
Gen. Robert E. Lee
 Asked by Lincoln to lead
the Union Army, Lee
refused to “turn his back
on his home, Virginia”

Filling the Ranks
At the beginning of the war in 1861,
the Northern Army more than twice as
large as the Southern Army
 Men had to pledge that they were over
the age of 18 to fight, but boys as
young as 9 acted as drummer boys

Filling the Ranks
The South enacted
legislation to prevent
large landowners from
leaving their plantations
(and slaves) to fight.
 This left most of the ranks
filled with poor farmers.

Strategies

The South took their cue
from the success of the
American Revolution and
chose to fight a defensive
war, wearing the North
down until they gave up.
Stars and Bars
Strategies

The North had a 3 pronged
approach called the Anaconda
Plan:
 Block
southern ports to all
imports/exports
 Control the Mississippi River
splitting the confederacy in two
 Take Richmond, the
confederate capital
Anaconda
Plan
1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
Most Civil War battles are called by 2
different names
 The North named the battle after the
nearest river
 The South named the battle after the
nearest town
 The first battle of the war was near the
town of Manassas and Bull Run River

1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
The North (in blue) and South (in grey)
met on a clearing in northern Virginia
 Confederate General
Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson routed the
Yankee army, causing
them to run in fear
 They trampled picnickers who had
gathered to watch the battle.

1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
Northern troops, according to legend,
commented that Gen. Jackson sat upon
his horse like a ‘stone wall”
 The nickname stuck
 The southern victory assured
the South that this would be a quick
war fought against inferior troops
 They were wrong on both accounts

1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
The first civilian casualty occurred at
Bull Run.
 Judith Henry, was
killed by a cannon
ball as she laid in
bed

1st Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
Wilmer McClean’s
home was on the
battlefield at Bull Run
 He wanted to get
away from the warfare
and moved to a small
town in southern
Virginia, Appomattox
Court House

Union Leadership
Lincoln chose Irwin
McDowell to lead the
Union’s Army of the
Potomac.
 He was replaced 3 days
after his defeat at Bull
Run with Gen. George
McClellan

Union Leadership
McClellan meets Gen, R. E. Lee at the
Peninsular Campaign
 His was nicknamed “the Creeper”
because he was so hesitant
to attack, always fearing he
was out-numbered

Union Leadership
After 5 months of fighting,
McClellan withdrew even though
he out-numbered and out-powered
the confederate army
 One of his men found Lee’s plans
wrapped around some cigars.
 He had the plans for the next battle
at Antietam Creek

Antietam Creek
Even with the plans, McClellan’s
hesitancy costs him the battle
 He could never break through
Confederate lines
 It was the bloodiest single day of
the Civil war with about 22,000
dead and wounded.

Victory in the West
While the North was losing
badly in the east, Gen.
Ulysses S. Grant was winning
decisive victories along the
Mississippi River.
 After the battle at Ft. Henry he earned
the nickname of Unconditional
Surrender because he refused to speak
of terms of surrender with the South

Shiloh/Pittsburg Landing
The South surprised Union troops at
Shiloh on April 6, 1862
 Their rebel yell was eerie
 As they ran in retreat, they met Union
reinforcements
 Under Gen. Grant, they regrouped
 It ended in a draw with almost 25,000
casualties in the 2 day battle.

Admiral Farragut
As part of the Anaconda Plan, Gen.
Farragut took the navy up the mouth of
the Mississippi River
 He took New Orleans and Baton
Rouge, cutting the Confederacy in half.

1861-1862
Filling the Ranks
The North allowed Blacks to enlist
but did not allow them to fight
 By 1863, after the Emancipation
Proclamation, pressure was on to
allow Black units to train and fight.
 They were killed in greater numbers
and paid less for their efforts

Filling the Ranks
Wealthy people, in both North and
South, could pay a substitute to take
their place in the Army.
 Conscription, forced service, was
first used in the South.
 The North began conscription in
1862

Filling the Ranks
Slaves could not help the southern
army fight but were used for manual
labor.
 The Civil War was called, “a rich
man’s war but a poor man’s fight.”

Filling the Ranks
Conscription was so resisted in the
North, riots broke out
 It became especially violent after the
Emancipation Proclamation.

Filling the Ranks
Desertion was a common problem
on both sides, with over 300,000
soldiers leaving their troops
 Because states offered a signing
bonus, many men enlisted, deserted,
enlisted someplace else, deserted,…

Filling the Ranks

By the end of the war, the South was
so short of men they openly enlisted
young boys.
Filling the Ranks
Women could not openly enlist but
some disguised themselves as men
and fought the entire war.
 Others became spies, nurses, and
cooks

Filling the Ranks
Elizabeth Blackwell,
America’s first female
physician, helped run the
US Sanitary Commission
 Clara Barton tended to the
wounded and founded the
American Red Cross.

Filling the Ranks

Although hundreds
of men and women
tended to the sick
and injured, more
soldiers died from
illness and infection
than of battle
wounds.
Filling the Ranks

More often,
women took over
men’s civilian
jobs while they
were gone to war.
Generals of the
Army of the Potomac
Irwin McDowell 1861
 George McClellan 1861
 John Pope 1861
 George McClellan 1862
 Ambrose Burnside 1862
 Ulysses S. Grant 1863-1865

The Civil War
Politics of War
Chapter 11
Section 2
Britain’s Neutrality
The South was depending on Britain
and/or France to come to their aid and
renew the cotton trade
 Britain found other sources for cotton
and stockpiled surpluses before the
war began

Britain’s Neutrality
Food crops, wheat and corn from the
North, had replaced cotton as
America’s most important exports
 For these reasons, Britain chose to
remain neutral in the war between the
states.

Trent Affair
Shortly after the war began, the
Confederates (Rebels) sent 2 diplomats
to Britain to ask for their support
 James Mason and John Slidell traveled
on the British ship, Trent
 The Union warship, San Jacinto,
stopped and boarded the Trent

Trent Affair
Mason and Slidell were arrested
 Britain took this as an act of war and
moved troops to Canada for a possible
war with the Union
 Lincoln averted war by pardoning the
men

Emancipation
Lincoln’s original strategy did not
involve freeing slaves
 After 1862, he realized that slaves aided
the Southern cause by providing labor
 He used this to change the purpose of
the war from preserving the Union to
also freeing the slaves

Emancipation
Lincoln wrote the Emancipation
Proclamation, freeing all slaves in the
seceded states (not occupied or border
states)
 It also prevented
all
European
countries
who had
abolished slavery
from aiding the South.

British cotton
consumption
increased but
they did not
rely on the
South for
production
Emancipation
Lincoln did not want to issue the
proclamation publicly until the North
had a successful battle
 He used the Battle at Antietam (the
bloodiest battle of the war) as his
“win”
 It took effect Jan. 1, 1863

Emancipation Reaction
Not everyone was happy with the
decision to free the slaves.
 Northern Democrats thought it would
make the war longer
 Some soldiers deserted, refusing to
fight for this cause

Emancipation Reaction
The South renewed their effort to save
their way of life
 The Emancipation Proclamation had
no effect on slaves
 Free northern blacks enlisted in the
Union army, but served as laborers,
not soldiers
 Slaves provided the same type of labor
for the South

Lincoln Takes Charge
Lincoln sent Union troops and occupied
the border states from the beginning of
the war
 He also suspended habeas corpus, legal
authority to detain a person
 Confederate sympathizers in the North
were arrested and telegrams were seized

Lincoln Takes Charge
Supreme Court Chief Justice Roger B.
Taney said that
Lincoln had
overstepped his authority, but he
continued to
use his presidential
powers
to the fullest extent
 Setting a precedent, all wartime
presidents have taken Lincoln’s lead to
protect the American people

Copperheads

Anti-war Democrats were called
copperheads – a deadly, venomous
snake
Conscription
In 1862 and 1863 the Confederacy and
the Union respectively instituted
conscription, military draft
 The South recruited all able white men
over 18 (17 by 1864 but they took even
younger)
 Large slave holders and the wealthy did
not serve

Conscription
The South called it “a rich man’s war
and a poor man’s fight”
 The Union recruited young men 20-45
although younger men enlisted
 Blacks, free and slave, were used as
cooks, for construction and heavy labor

Conscription
Both sides allowed wealthy men to pay
commutation,
 Bonuses were paid for Union soldiers
who enlisted, some enlisting numerous
times, collecting the bonus money,
deserting, and ‘enlisting’ again

Conscription
In New York City the Irish rioted
over conscription, burning an
orphanage for black children
 117 people were killed
 The Irish did not condone
slavery but did not want the
added competition for jobs

As 1862 Ends…
The ironclads appear
 Both sides made ships
made of iron, capable of
repelling cannon balls and fire
 The Monitor, a new ship, fought the
Merrimac, now called The Virginia,
fought for 5 hours – tied
 The Merrimac was sunk to prevent it
going into Northern hands

The Civil War
Chapter 11
Section 3
Life During Wartime
Mary Chesnut

Mary Chesnut’s diary is
frequently referred to when
researching civilian life during
the Civil War.
Black Troops
African American soldiers never
fought for the South, but their
slave labor was used by southern
soldiers
 The North also
used African
American labor
 That changed after
the Emancipation
Proclamation.

Black Troops
The Emancipation Proclamation
freed the slaves in the nonoccupied states, which mean it
freed none
 But it also meant that Blacks
joined the northern army and
fought against the South
 The South refused to
return any Black
prisoner - contraband

Black Troops
Black troops
fought in
segregated units
led by white
officers
 They were paid
less than white
soldiers

Black Troops
They died in greater numbers but
not because they were assigned
to more dangerous job.
 Working in close proximity to
one another, they caught diseases
 They were more likely
to be killed when
captured rather than
taken as
prisoner/contraband

Fort Pillow
Over 200 African American and
some white soldiers were killed
after they surrendered
to Southern troops
 Nathan Bedford Forrest
led the slaughter
 After the war he and
others form the
Ku Klux Klan

Fort Pillow
Over 200 African American and
some white soldiers were killed
after they surrendered to
Southern troops
 Nathan Bedford Forrest led the
slaughter
 After the war he
and others form
the Ku Klux Klan

Slave Resistance

As northern troops neared
plantations, the slaves gained
strength and
 Broke
tools
 Joined the
troops
 Neglected the
livestock
War Affects the Economy
The South began to run out of
men, food and supplies not soon
after the war began
 They printed so much currency
that it had little value
 The Northern blockade
effectively stopped Southern
trade with Europe

War Affects the Economy
Most of the fighting took place in
the Shenandoah Valley, the
Southern food production area
 Lee took his troops to Gettysburg,
PA to try to shift the damage to
northern states during the
growing season.
 He failed

Why Printing Money is Bad
Currency, as paper, has no value
 Generally we accept the face
value on currency to be worth
something
 If more paper is printed, we want
more of it for goods
 Inflation occurs when there
is too much money in the
economy

Shortages of Everything
Some Southerners traded with
the North
 Cotton and food supplies
exchanged hands

Northern Economy
The North suffered but not nearly
as bad as the South
 Inflation was worse in the North
– 80% by the end of the war
 Industries that supplied the
military boomed
 Machinery took the place of
workers drafted into the GAR

Women in the Workplace
Women took on many of the jobs
and duties of the men who left to
fight
 They were paid less, one of many
ways business owners made
tremendous profits during the
war
 Northerners paid the first
income tax to pay for the war

Soldiers Suffer
Soldiers’ rations included
hardtack, beans, bacon fat and, if
lucky, a few bones from which to
suck the marrow
 They had ticks, lice, dysentery,
and diarrhea on a regular basis
due to poor hygiene

Medical Care

A doctor’s kit looked more like it
would be more useful in a
episode of Home Make Over
Medical Care
Body wounds were ignored and
the person was left to die
 “Good” surgeons could remove a
limb in 1 minute
 They usually
used ether to
sedate the
patient

Medical Care

Scalpels, saws and pliers were
the doctors’ main tools
Medical Care
Once soldier’s received care, the
worst was to come
 Not knowing about germs and
bacteria, doctors and nurses
regularly examined wounds
without washing between
patients
 Gangrene, staph and other
infections passed from man to
man

Medical Care

Surgery was usually done
outdoors
Medical Care
For every soldier that
died on the battlefield,
2 died in the wartime
hospitals
 Women served the military as
nurses
 Clara Barton, founder of the Red
Cross, and Sally Tompkins
helped improve medical care

Medical Care
Many men did not think it
appropriate for women to see
men in such poor condition
 Dorthea Dix
required that
all nurses be
plain looking
and be at least
30 years old

Prisoners
Until the Union began using
black soldiers, both sides
regularly exchanged soldiers
rather than keep them in camps
 When the Confederacy refused to
swap black soldiers, the North
stopped the exchange program
 Neither side was equipped to
keep thousands of prisoners

Prison Camps
Both sides treated their captives
terribly
 Ft. Delaware and Elmira prisons
in the North and Libby and
Andersonville prisons in the
South saw mortality rates over
25%
 Poor nutrition and poor hygiene
led to scurvy, dysentery and
other fatal diseases

Prison Camps

Union camp at Point Lookout, MD
Built to hold
10,000, it
had almost
50,000
Confederate
troops
 4,000 died

Andersonville Prison, GA
Henry Wirz was placed in charge
of the camp at Andersonville
 Built to handle
10,000,
it eventually had
over 33,000
prisoners
 Their only water was a stream
which ran through where the
horses grazed, filled with manure

Andersonville Prison, GA
There were no buildings to house
prisoners, only tents and lean-tos
 Guards, some as young as 12,
surrounded the camp on
watchtowers
 Anyone who got
near the fence,
the dead zone,
was shot
immediately

Andersonville Prison, GA

Although he camp was
operational for less than a year,
over 12,000 died
Andersonville Prison

Survivors were
transferred from
the camp to other
camps in the South
Andersonville Prison
The Commandant,
Henry Wirz, was tried
for war crimes in 1865
 The North really wanted
him to provide
information about Gen.
Lee and Pres. Davis
 He did not

Andersonville Prison

Wirz was hung in
Washington DC

After his death,
he was treated as
a martyr
The Civil War
Chapter 11
Section 4
The North Takes Charge
1863

In 1863, the war shifted in favor
of the North
 Gen.
Grant leads Army of the
Potomac
 Important victories in the East
 Total war
 South will not receive help from
Europe
 War of attrition
Chancellorsville
As Lee’s troops moved
to northern Virginia,
Stonewall Jackson
stopped for 9 days to
visit his wife and
infant daughter
 He would be dead in 3
weeks by his own men

Statue of Jackson
at Bull Run
Gravesite of Jackson
The Civil War
Chapter 11
Section 5
The Legacy of War
The War Ends
With the end of the war changes
will affect
 The economy
 Social structure
 Labor market
 Politics
 Technology

Political Changes
The federal government
assumed control over the
seceded states and no state has
seceded again
 The war increased the power of
the federal government and the
president

Political Changes

The war increased the power of
the federal government and the
president
 Income
tax
 Suspending habeas corpus
 Regulated currency – paper
 Conscription requirement
Economic Changes
The federal government took
additional responsibility for
subsidizing railroads
 National Bank Act, 1863, which
chartered banks, set
requirements for loans and
required banks to be inspected

Economic Changes
Conscription caused a labor
shortage in the North, filled by
machines
 Northern industries had to refocus to compete in a peacetime
economy

Economic Changes
The South lost its labor force
and trading partners
 Since most of the fighting took
place in the South, land was
destroyed, livestock wiped-out
and their railroads

Economic Changes

The economic gap between
North and South was wider
than before the war began
 1860
– the South controlled 30%
of the nation’s wealth
 1870 – the South controlled 12%
of the nation’s wealth
Economic
Changes
Economic Changes

No part of society was untouched
Societal Changes
Slavery is over
 Congress passed the 13th
Amendment outlawing slavery
 Matthew Brady chronicled the
war with hundreds of photos,
beginning photojournalism

Societal Changes
Jefferson Davis was arrested,
tried and found not guilty
 He lived to be an old man
 Lee lost his family home when
Montgomery Meigs turned it
into Arlington National
Cemetery

Societal Changes
Lee went on to become the
president of Washington
University, now Washington
and Lee
 Clara Barton took her war
experience and founded the
Red Cross
 Grant was elected president in
1868.

Lincoln Assassinated
Lincoln and his wife,
Mary Todd, went to
Ford’s Theater to see
“My American Cousin”
 John Wilkes Booth
shot him in the
back of the head
 He died within
hours

Lincoln Assassinated

His body was taken by train to
his gravesite in Springfield, IL
John Wilkes
Booth
Booth and
conspirators
were
captured, tried
and hung
Andrew Johnson
This was the first time a vice
president assumed the
presidency because of death
 Johnson was sworn in as the
country’s 17th president
 Lincoln’s plans for
reconstruction die with him

Comparisons

Abraham Lincoln was elected to
Congress in 1846.
John F. Kennedy was elected to
Congress in 1946. Abraham
Lincoln was elected President in
1860.
John F. Kennedy was elected
President in 1960.
Comparisons
The names Lincoln and Kennedy
each contain seven letters.
 Both were particularly concerned
with civil rights.
 Both wives lost their children
while living in the White House.
 Both Presidents were shot on a
Friday.

Comparisons
Both were shot in the head.
 Lincoln's secretary, Kennedy,
warned him not to go to the
theatre.
Kennedy's secretary, Lincoln,
warned him not to go to Dallas.
 Both were assassinated by
Southerners.

Comparisons
Both were succeeded by
Southerners.
 Both successors were named
Johnson.
 Andrew Johnson, who succeeded
Lincoln, was born in 1808.
Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded
Kennedy, was born in 1908.

Comparisons
John Wilkes Booth was born in
1839.
Lee Harvey Oswald was born in
1939.
 Both assassins were known by
their three names.
 Both names are comprised of
fifteen letters

Comparisons
Booth ran from the theater and
was caught in a warehouse.
Oswald ran from a warehouse
and was caught in a theater.
 Booth and Oswald were
assassinated before their trials.

Comparisons
Both successors were named
Johnson.
 Andrew Johnson, who succeeded
Lincoln, was born in 1808.
Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded
Kennedy, was born in 1908.


Lincoln was shot in the Ford Theatre
and Kennedy was shot while in a Ford
Lincoln.
Chancellorsville
Lee met Gen. Hooker at
Chancellorsville, VA
 The North was
outmaneuvered by Lee
 BTW – The term ‘hooker’ comes
from the large number of women
who followed Hooker from battle
to battle – Hooker’s girls

Gettysburg
Gen. Lee and Gen.
A.P. Hill headed north
for 2 reasons
 They wanted to divert the
fighting from the Shenandoah
Valley and Hill’s troops needed
shoes
 They met Union troops, under
Gen. Meade, at Gettysburg, PA

Gettysburg
The 3 day battle was costly for
both sides.
 Pickett’s Charge up Little Round
Top was little better than a
suicide mission
 After 3 days

 23,000
Union casualties
 28,000 Confederate casualties
Gettysburg
Lee retreated, never to enter the
North again
 The Union victory at Gettysburg
was the turning point of the war
 They will continue to win
important victories until the
South capitulates

Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863
Dead men and horses began to
rot in the summer heat, drawing
flies, rodents and other carrion
 The smell carried
to the town of
Gettysburg
 The towns’ women
took on the task of
burying the dead

Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863
Southern soldiers were
separated at buried in shallow
graves away from town
 Union soldiers were divided by
state and buried
in a series of
semi-circles

Gettysburg Address, Nov 1863
Lincoln came to dedicate the
cemetery
 He was the 2nd speaker that day,
speaking for only about
2 minutes

Gettysburg Address, Nov 1863

He used the speech to re-focus
attention to the Declaration of
Independence – “all men are
created equal”
Siege of Vicksburg 1863

The summer of 1863 saw another
important Union victory in the
west, Vicksburg MS
Siege of Vicksburg 1863
Vicksburg is an overlook on the
Mississippi River
 It was one of the last areas that
prevented the Union from
controlling the entire river and
successfully dividing the South
 Grant laid siege to the town,
firing into it for hours each day

Siege of Vicksburg 1863
The mostly women, elderly and
children in the town sought
refuge in the caves along the
river
 Their food supply gone, they ate
dogs, horses, mules and rats
before surrendering the day after
the victory at Gettysburg, July 4

Conditions in the South, 1863
The South was quickly running
out of men, arms, food, uniforms
and other necessary supplies
 They hoped that a long war
would cause the North to stop
fighting
 The Gettysburg Address made it
very clear that the North was not
giving up

Conditions in the South, 1863
Southerners were asked to grow
food crops rather than cash
crops
 Rebels deserted in greater
numbers
 Jefferson Davis and the
Confederate Constitution left
little room to lead effectively

Ulysses S. Grant
Lincoln, having gone 5 generals
in 2 years, appointed Grant
 He fought a war of attrition –
killing Southern
soldiers that
could not be
replaced
 It meant that he
also suffered from heavy losses

Ulysses S. Grant

Grant
confers
with Gen.
Meade
Gen. Sherman
Grant appointed William
Tecumseh Sherman to lead the
Union Army in the deep South
 He believed in total war –
attacking civilians
since they supplied
goods for the
southern war effort

Grant v. Lee
Grant’s war of attrition was
devastating to the southern
army
 Grant knew that he could
replace each of his dead
soldiers, the South could not

Sherman’s March to the Sea
Gen. Sherman took his troops
from Tennessee, through
Atlanta, to Savannah
 His men burned a path up to 60
miles wide, burned crops,
poisoned wells, killed livestock
and turned railroad
ties into “Sherman’s
neckties”

Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman sent news to Lincoln
in December, 1864 that his
Christmas gift to the president
was the city of Savannah
 Then he turned north to help
Grant defeat Lee

Election 1864
Democrats – Gen. McClellan
 Republicans – Pres. Lincoln
 Democrats were tired of war,
the costs, and death
 Republicans looked for a
candidate who would appeal to
Democrats, Andrew Johnson

Election 1864
Johnson was a Southerner who
never owned slaves
 He was raised extremely poor,
resenting the planter class
 He looked down upon the slave
class

Election 1864
Lincoln needed a few victories
before the election or he felt he
would lose.
 Sherman’s sacking of Atlanta
and Farragut’s control of the
Mississippi River accomplished
that
 Absentee ballots from the Union
army put Lincoln over the top

1860
1865

The war took its
toll on Lincoln
Appomattox Court House
In April 1865, Lee knew he had
no choice but to surrender
 His men begged him not to do
this, but he replied that it would
only kill them all if he continued
to fight

Fall of Richmond
 Jefferson
Davis set fire to Richmond to
prevent Grant from occupying it
Appomattox Court House
 Lee
said, “There is nothing left me to
do but to go and see General Grant,
and I would rather die a thousand
deaths.” April 9, 1865
 Grant was generous with his terms of
surrender, allowing the rebels to take
their animals and personal items with
them
Appomattox Court House
 The
Union band played “Dixie” as the
men marched away
Wilmer
McLean’s
home in
Appomattox
Courthouse
The
surrender
agreement
was signed
in his parlor