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1
Before 1914 heroin could be bought
from grocery stores
1.3 %
of population was
addicted to drugs
2
The Many Faces of Jack Cole
1964
1970
3
1970
Percent of population addicted
1.3 %
4
Deaths as result of drug culture
1970 = Less likely than
Falling down stairs
Choking on food
5
Drug Problem?
1970 = Soft Drugs
Hard Drugs virtually
unheard of…
6
DEA Briefing Book 2001
$6.37
1970
$3.90
1.5 %
3.6%
$0.80
38 %
7
DEA Briefing Book 2001
$6.37
1970
$3.90
1.5 %
3.6%
By 2008 street level
heroin was 60% pure
$0.80
38 %
8
US Drug Users According to DEA
Two percent of that
1965population
= 4 million
46 percent of
Today = 112 million
this population
10
Money spent fighting the Drug War
1970 = $100 million
Today = $70 billion
11
Drug seizures for local or
state police in 1970
One ounce of Cocaine
One quarter ounce of Heroin
12
Drug seizures by 2002
Ten tons of Heroin
Twenty tons of
Cocaine
13
Wholesale Cocaine Costs
60 %
LESS
14
Wholesale Heroin Costs
70 %
LESS
15
Heroin Overdose Rate
per 100,000 users
1979 = 28 Deaths
2000 = 141 Deaths
16
Drug Arrests Quadrupled
Marijuana Arrests and Total Drug Arrests in the US
Year
Marijuana
Total
Drug
Total Marijuana Trafficking/Sale
Marijuana Arrests and Total Drug Arrests in the US
Arrests
Arrests
Arrests
Marijuana
Possession
Arrests
44%
2005
1.91,865,712
million
771,605
87,286
684,319
89
%
2000
1,579,566
734,497
88,455
646,042
1999
1,532,200
704,812
84,271
620,541
1998
1,559,100
682,885
84,191
598,694
1997
1,583,600
695,201
88,682
606,519
1996
1,506,200
641,642
94,891
546,751
1995
1,476,100
588,964
85,614
503,350
1990
1,089,500
326,850
66,460
260,390
1980
½ 580,900
Million
401,982
63,318
338,664
1970
415,600
180,000
17
US Tax Dollars Spent
Prosecuting the War on Drugs
One
Trillion
18
Cumulative U.S. Drug Arrests 1970 to 2005
41 Million
Arrests
19
2002
Percent of population addicted
20
Percent of population addicted
--Nothing has changed--
1.3 % When drugs legal
1.3 % When drugs illegal
1.3 % After 40 year war
21
Clearance Rates for Violent and Property Crimes
Unsolved
40% of murders
60% of rapes & arsons
75% of robberies
22
1963 Police Credited
With solving
91 % of Murders
Today
61 % of Murders
23
1966 Miranda Warning
1968 FBI Uniform Crime Reports
1970 War on Drugs
1983 Crack in LA, CA
Murder Clearance
Percent of Clearance by arrest for murders in the US
From 1965 to 2008
24
30Chasing
Percent
Fewer Solved
nonviolent
Drug
Murders
Users
25
No Longer
Protect us from
VIOLENT
Predators
26
How Has Prohibition Changed
Drug Use in US Schools?
School children report it
is easier to buy illegal
drugs than it is to buy
beer or cigarettes
27
International Trade in
Illicit Drugs
Annually generates:
$500 billion
28
This is a mere $207 million
$500 billion
would cover a room
2,415 times this size
29
Drug Lords don’t
count their money
$1 Million in
hundred dollar bills
weighs 37.1 pounds
30
Alternative Policy Solution
Remove the
profit motive
continuously enhanced for 40 years by the
United States policy of a
WAR ON DRUGS
31
End Prohibition
1. Legalize Drugs
32
Decriminalizing Drugs
Netherlands in 1976
Portugal in 2001
Mexico in 2009
Argentina in 2009
33
Won’t legalization cause
National
Zogby
Poll
everyone to
use drugs?
If
heroin
and
Less than 6/10
cocain were made
of one percent
legal would you
said
Yes
try them?
34
Won’t legalization cause
everyone to use drugs?
In the Netherlands
Marijuana use by
tenth graders
28 %
35
Marijuana use by
tenth graders in the
United States
41 %
36
Drug and Violence Indicators
- US and the Netherlands -
Marijuana
Use
Homicide
rate
Heroin Use
Lifetime
prevalence
per 100,000 population
Lifetime prevalence
37%
17%
5.6
1.5
1.4%
USA
USA
USA
0.4%
Netherlands
Netherlands
Netherlands
37
In Portugal
Decreased
by 25%
drug use by 13 to 15
year olds
38
In Portugal
Decreased
by 22%
drug use by 16 to 19
year olds
39
In Portugal
Heroin
Decreased
overdose
by 52%
deaths
40
In Portugal
HIV infections
Decreased
reported by drug
byusers
71%
41
Mexico
Decriminalized
Toall
Stop
Police
drugs 21
Coruption
August 2009
42
Argentina
Supreme
Court
Arresting for drug
on 24 is
use ruled
and possession
Unconstitutional
August 2009
43
Incarceration Rates in
European Nations
At or below
150
Per 100,000 population
44
Incarceration Rates in the
United States
By March 2008
1,009
Per 100,000 population
45
Percentage Increase of Federal Prisoners from 1970 - 2005
Federal Drug Imprisonments
2700%
+2,558%
2400%
1800%
1500%
1200%
900%
600%
300%
3,384
+294%
17,302
Drug Offender
Non Drug Offender
20
04
20
02
20
00
19
98
19
96
19
94
19
92
19
90
19
88
19
86
19
84
19
82
19
80
19
78
19
76
19
74
-300%
19
72
0%
19
70
Cumulative Increase
2100%
46
Crimes and Imprisonment per capita
Crimes per 1,000 population
0
100
Denmark:
93
United Kingdom:
86
United States:
80
Netherlands:
80
Germany:
76
Norway:
72
France:
62
200
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
67
147
1009
128
International
Prisoner
93
Comparison
per Countries
100,000indicated in Green
75
have initiated some type of
85
Populatio
decriminalization of illicit drugs.
156
Hungary:
45
Estonia:
43
Czech Republic:
38
Italy:
38
67
Switzerland:
36
79
Portugal:
34
333
186
What does imprisoning
people for Non-Violent
drug violations have to do
with reducing crime?
120
Poland: 33
236
Lithuania: 23
235
Spain: 23
147
Latvia: 22
292
Russia: 21
628
Bulgaria: 20
148
Romania: 16
150
Slovakia: 16
155
Belarus: 13
426
Ukraine: 12
345
Greece: 10
91
Turkey: 4
112
Armenia: 4
104
Georgia: 3
Azerbaijan: 2
300
Imprisonment per 100,000 population
401
202
47
Who Uses and Sells Drugs?
Blacks constitute
Whites
13.5%
alldrug
drug
72% ofofall
users in the US
48
Who Gets Arrested?
37% of those
arrested for drug
violations are Black
49
Who Goes to Prison?
81%
of
federal
60% of those in
state
for drug
drugprisons
offenders
felonies are Black
are black
50
Who Goes to Prison?
Blacks are now serving
an average of six years,
while whites are serving
only four years.
51
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Disenfranchisement
Nine in 10 prisoners
Disenfranchisement
Black
male
born
today
Of
convicted
defendants
serving mandatory sentences
has
a
one-in-three
33%
of
whites
forIn
drug
offenses
in Newof
York
51%
Blacks
Texas
31%
14%State
of prisons
blackaremen
chance
of
serving
received
a
prison
received
prison
black
men
lost
lost
right
to
vote
black
or
Latino
time
in
prison
sentence
sentences
right
to vote
52
Incarceration Rates in the
United States
White Males
943
Per 100,000 population
53
Incarceration Rate of Black Males
Per 100,000 population
South Africa - 1993
Under Apartheid
851
United States - 2008
Under Prohibition
6,667
54
Outcomes of
Legalization
1.9 million less people
arrested each year
70 Billion Dollars saved
each year
55
End Prohibition
1. Legalize Drugs
2. Have the federal
government produce
those drugs
56
Outcomes of
Government Production
1. Quality controlled
production for consistency
2. Standardized
measurement and potency
End of overdoses
57
1. Legalize
Drugs
2. Government production
3. Sell drugs to adults
from state package
stores and Tax the sales
58
1. Legalize
Drugs
2. Government production
3. Distribute free
maintenance doses of
drugs to any adult
requesting them
59
Results of treating heroin
addiction with heroin
Switzerland
Netherlands
Germany
Denmark
60
Results of treating heroin
addiction with heroin
AIDS
82 %
DECLINE
Not
one
Crime
was
cut
HEPATITIS
IN NEW
Overdose
Death
by
60%
dropped
to
the
lowest
of
HEROIN
USERS!
since
1994
any countries in Europe
and
61
1. Legalize Drugs
2. Government production
3. Distribute free doses
4. Redirect money saved to
programs that offer people
hope for the future
62
Programs offering hope
Guaranteed Minimums
Education - Job Training
Health Care - Employment
Housing - Livable Wages
63
Programs offering hope
Rehabilitation
Centers
64
Results of offering people
hope for the future
Less need to use drugs
Less drug addicts
65
1. Legalize Drugs
2. Government production
3. Distribute free doses
4. Create hope for the future
5. Redirect money saved
to programs that offer true
education about drugs
66
Does Education Work?
1985
2003
42%
Only 21%
United States
United
States
smoked tobacco
smoked tobacco
67
1. Legalize
Drugs
2. Government production
3. Distribute free doses
4. Create hope for the future
5. Educate users and public
68
Albert Einstein on Prohibition
The prestige of government has
undoubtedly
been
lowered
considerably by the Prohibition
law. For nothing is more
destructive of respect for the
government and the law of the
land than passing laws which
cannot be enforced. It is an open
secret that the dangerous
increase of crime in this country
is closely connected with this.
Albert Einstein
69
Prohibition - When will we learn?
Members of the Women's Organization for National Prohibition Reform pose for
a photograph in 1932 (courtesy of the Hagly Museum and Library, Wilmington,
Delaware). We are having to relearn the same lesson today that they learned 69
years ago.
70
Prohibition - When will we learn?
Stamp Save our Children
Out
Prohibition
Membersof
Members
ofthe
theWomen's
Women'sOrganization
Organization
forfor
National
National
Prohibition
Prohibition
Reform
Reform
pose for
a photograph in 1932 (courtesy of the Hagly Museum and Library, Wilmington,
Delaware). We are having to relearn the same lesson today that they learned 69
years ago.
71
Save our Children
Stamp Out
Prohibition
72
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73
Alcohol Prohibition Didn’t Work Either
15,000 saloons
32,000
Speakeasys
74
Methamphetamine use decreased
Since 1999
30-Day Prevalence of Use of Methamphetamine
1999 to 2007
8th Grade
10th Grade
12th Grade
th
8
21%
-45% for
Graders
th
-78% for 10 Graders
th
-65% for 12 Graders
18%
15%
12%
9%
6%
3%
1999
75
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Inmates there for crimes to
get money to buy drugs
State Prisons = 17%
Jails = 13%
Federal Inmates = 18%
76
From DEA Presentation
Prevelance of Use of Any Illicit Drug in Last Month
8th Grade
10th Grade
12th Grade
Prevalence of Use of Any Illicit Drug (2001 – 2007)
27
25
23
21
Percent
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
77
Prevelance of Use of Any Illicit Drug in Last Month
Grade
10th Grade
12th
Prevalence of8thUse
of Any Illicit
Drug (2001
– Grade
2007)
27
25
23
21
17
15
13
11
9
7
07
20
06
20
05
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
01
20
00
20
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
19
91
5
19
Percent
19
78
Prevalence of Use of Any Illicit Drug
in the Last Month
Monitoring the Future
2007 Prevalence of Use of
illicit Drugs
8th
Grade
DEA presentation
(2001-2007)
-37%
-26% -15%
LEAP presentation
(1991-2007)
30%
46%
10th
Grade
12th
Grade
34%
79
Increased Prevalence of
Monthly Marijuana Use
(1990 – 2005)
Age
12-17
Age
18-24
Age
25-34
Age
35+
68%
48% -10% 103% 43%
Total
80
Source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health; National Household Survey on Drug Abuse