Cardiovascular Disease
By: Vicky Zakrzewski
Audience: EVERYONE
How It Occurs!
•Blood Vessels gets clogged and flow to the heart or brain is
blocked.
Lack of oxygen supply to heart or brain.
Affecting Factors
•Poor diet
•Lack of Exercise
•Heredity
What Are Strokes?
•Blood clot, blood vessel, or
ruptured artery blocking blood
flow to the brain
•Brain requires certain delivery of
oxygen and glucose from the blood
stream
•Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
occurs when this delivery is
disrupted
a)
can result in cell damage
(brain damage)
Types Of Strokes
Ischemic Stroke - Blood clot or
blockage to brain.
a) Most common 75% of all
strokes
Hemorrhagic Stroke - Brain fills up with
blood putting to much pressure on the brain
a) 25% of strokes
Who Gets Strokes?
•Cardiovascular disease
•Over age 55
•Male
•Family History
•Blood Pressure
•High Cholesterol
•Diabetes
•Cigarettes
Symptoms
•Dizziness, Trouble Walking, Loss of
Balance and Coordination
•Slurred Speech
•Paralysis one side of body
•Blurred Vision
•Severe headache
Life After Stokes
•Combat physical and emotional struggles
•Brain damage can result in paralysis of bodily functions
•Relearn Basic everyday skills
a)
b)
c)
Eating
Walking
Dressing
Heart Attacks!
•More than 1 million people suffer from
a heart attack each year.
What is it?
•Myocardial Infarction
•“Myo”- muscle; “Caridial”-
heart; “Infarction” - lack of
blood causes death of tissue
Typical Causes
•Coronary artery supplies heart with blood
•Coronary Artery Disease causes coronary artery to narrow
•Fat cells, proteins, inflammatory cells, and more clog the artery
•Forms plaque
•Plaque breaks and platelets come to form a blood clot
•Clot prevents blood flow to the heart causing the heart to suffocate
without oxygen
Result
Permanent death of heart tissue.
Other Causes
•Coronary Artery Spasm
more unlikely cause
•Silent heart attacks are typically caused by Diabetes
a) A heart attack is produced without prior symptoms
a)
Symptoms
•Discomfort, Pressure
•Pain in chest, back, arm, under the sternum,
jaw throat
•Feeling of heartburn or indigestion, fullness, or
choking
•Dizziness, sweating, nausea, vomiting
•Extreme shortness of breath, weakness, or
anxiety.
•Rapid or irregular heartbeats
WebMd.com/heartdisease/guide/heart_disease_heart_attacks
Related Illnesses
•Coronary Artery Disease
•Diabetes
•Cardiovascular Disease
Treatment
Medicines and procedures to help open coronary arteries and
make it easier for heart to pump.
Lifestyle Changes Post-Heart Attack
•Quit smoking
•Lose weight
•Eat healthy diet
•Increase physical activity
•Prescriptions to help control blood cholesterol,
blood pressure, and chest pain
•Cardiac Rehabilitation
•Most patients may return to all normal activities
within the first few weeks
Risk of a Repeat Heart Attack
•Heart attack victims are at greater risk of a repeat heart attack
Symptoms are different the second time
•Heart attack vs. Angina
•Repeat heart attacks feel much more severe than angina
•Angina is the body’s warning sign that the heart is working too hard
a) Choking feeling under the sternum
a)
High Blood Pressure!
Aka Hypertension
What is High Blood Pressure?
Definition:
Blood pressure that is persistently
higher than normal.
Over time, if the force of the blood flow is often high, the tissue that makes up
the walls of arteries gets stretched beyond its healthy limit. This creates
problems in several ways:
•Vascular weaknesses
•Vascular scarring
• Increased risk of blood clots
•Increased plaque build-up
• Tissue and organ damage from narrowed
and blocked arteries
•Increased workload on the circulatory system
Statistics
High blood pressure (hypertension) killed 56,561 people in the United
States in 2006
About 74.5 million people in the United States age 20 and older have high
blood pressure
One in three adults has high blood pressure
Risk Factors
Uncontrollable:
Controllable:
Not completely proven yet:
•Family History
•Lack of Physical Activity
•Smoking/ Second hand smoke
•Gender
•Poor diet (especially if high in salt)
•Stress
•Age
•Overweight/ Obesity
•Sleep Apnea
•Drinking too much alcohol
Symptoms
High Blood Pressure is often called “the silent
disease” because there are no symptoms until it
reaches an advanced state.
There's a common misconception that people with
high blood pressure will experience symptoms such
as nervousness, sweating, difficulty sleeping or
facial flushing.
Getting Tested
Healthcare professionals use a
medical instrument called a
sphygmomanometer, which in
layman's terms is known as a
blood pressure monitor. This
bicep cuff monitor yields the
most accurate reading among
various types of monitors.
Understanding Blood Pressure
Results
Read as "117 over 76
millimeters of mercury"
Systolic
The top number measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats
(when the heart muscle contracts)
Diastolic
The bottom number measures the pressure in the arteries between
heartbeats (when the heart muscle is resting between beats and refilling
with blood)
Blood Pressure Chart
This chart reflects blood pressure categories defined by the American Heart Association.
* Your doctor should evaluate unusually low blood pressure readings.
Blood Pressure
Category
Normal
Systolic
mm Hg (upper #)
Diastolic
mm Hg (lower #)
less than 120
and
less than 80
Prehypertension
120 – 139
or
80 – 89
High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension) Stage 1
140 – 159
or
90 – 99
High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension) Stage 2
160 or higher
or
100 or higher
Hypertensive Crisis
(Emergency care needed)
Higher than 180
or
Higher than 110
Examples of Cardiovascular
Treatments
Lifestyle Changes Can help a patient suffering from:
I.
Coronary Heart Disease, Heart Attacks & Congestive Heart
Failure
a)
Reduce amount of salt intake
b)
Eat Healthier
c)
Exercise
d)
Keep blood pressure under control
e)
Stop Smoking
f)
Limit Alcohol
Medicine Treatments
•Blood Thinners
•Hypertension
•Antiarrythmatics
•Cholesterol Lowering
•Rate Control
•Vasodilators
Special Procedures
Defibrillation:
I.
When a electronic device gives an electric shock to the heart to help
establish normal contraction rhythm.
a) AED devices are now in schools
Cardioversion:
I.
Used in emergency situations to electrically or chemically shock the
heart out of abnormal heart rhythms.
a) Mostly associated with low blood pressure, faintness, loss of
consciousness and difficulty breathing
Surgical Treatments
Stents:
Tube placed in an artery to help keep the passageway open.
Transplants:
When a doctor removes a diseased or defected heart and
replaces it with a donor heart.
•The success rate varies and the person receives the heart
can have many complications.
Bypass Surgeries:
Arteries from another region of the patients body are moved
to the area of the heart in order to improve blood supply and
flow.
How Can You Prevent
Cardiovascular Disease?
Lower Your Blood Pressure!
A person’s blood pressure should be < 120/80
Ways To Lower Your Blood Pressure
Lose weight
Eat heart healthy foods
Exercise daily
Reduce salt
Quit smoking
Decease alcohol
Be Active!
A.
Aerobic exercises
B.
Strength training exercises
Keep A Healthy Diet!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Keep saturated fats low
Eat less or no trans fats
Stay away from sugars and processed foods
Reduce cholesterol
Get at least 50% carbohydrates a day
Eat foods high in fiber
Eat more fruits and vegetables
Get More Sleep!
Reduce Stress!
Stay Positive!
For more info check out http://www.webmd.com/heartdisease/guide/diseases-cardiovascular