PUMPS
Presentation prepared by: Nimesh Gajjar
Outline of presentation
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Difference between Pump and Compressor
Definition of pump
Terminology used in pumps
Classification of pumps
Working of different types of pumps
Application of Pumps
Difference between Pump and Compressor
• A pump is a machine for raising a liquid - a relatively
incompressible fluid - to a higher level of pressure or
head.
• A compressor is a machine for raising a gas - a
compressible fluid - to a higher level of pressure.
What is pump ???
• The pump is mechanical device which conveys liquid from
one place to another place.
• It can be defined as a hydraulic machines which converts
the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
• The pump is power absorbing machine. The power can be
supplied to the pump by a prime mover like an electric
motor, an internal combustion engine or turbine..
Terminology
• Suction head (hs): it is the vertical distance between the liquid level in the
sump and the centre line of the pump. It is expressed as meters.
• Delivery head (hd): It is the vertical distance between the centre line of
the pump and the liquid level in the overhead tank or the supply point. It
is expressed in meters.
• Static head (Hs): It is the vertical difference between the liquid levels In
the overhead tank and the sump, when the pump is not working. It is
expressed as meters.Therefore, HS= (hs+ hd)
• Friction head (hf): It is the sum of the head loss due to the friction in the
suction and delivery pipes.
hf=(fLV2/2gD).
• Total head (H): It is the sum of the static head Hs,
friction head (hf) and the velocity head in the
delivery pipe (Vd 2/2g). Where, Vd=velocity in the
delivery pipe.
• Manometric head(Hm): It is the total head developed
by the pump. This head is slightly less than the head
generated by the impeller due to some losses in the
pump
• Mechanical efficiency(ηmech): It is the ratio of the
impeller hydraulic power to the power of the motor or
the prime mover
Classification of Pump
Classification of Pump cont…
• There are two main categories of pumps kinetic and positive
displacement. Almost all pumps fall into one of these two
categories. The main difference between kinetic and positive
displacement pumps lies in the method of fluid transfer.
Kinetic Pump
Positive displacement
imparts velocity energy to the fluid,
which is converted to pressure energy
upon exiting the pump casing
moves a fixed volume of fluid within
the pump casing by applying a force to
moveable boundaries containing the
fluid volume
Low pressure generated
High pressure generated
High volume liquid discharge
Low volume liquid discharge
•These pumps operate on the principle of the rise in pressure
energy of liquid by dynamic action of liquid.
• The dynamic action of liquid is carried out by revolving wheel
which has curved vanes on it.
•This wheel is known as impeller.
•This pump is classified in two types:
1)Centrifugal pump
2)Jet pump
Centrifugal Pump
C:\Users\nimy\Desktop\Pump\Lecture\Single Stage Centrifugal Pump.flv
Centrifugal Pump
Electric Motor
Centrifugal Pump
• Converts
kinetic
energy to
pressure
energy
Centrifugal pump cont….
• Centrifugal pump works on the
principle that when a certain mass
of liquid is made to rotate along
the impeller from the central axis
of rotation, it impresses a
centrifugal head. It causes the
water to move radially outwards at
higher velocity and causes the
water to rise to a higher level. The
motion of water is restricted by
casing of pump, it result into
pressure build up.
C:\Users\nimy\Desktop\Pump\Lecture\Centrifugal Pump.mp4
•
The operation of filling the casing , impeller and suction pipe and the
portion of delivery pump upto delivery valve is called priming.
• In case the priming of pump is not done and the pump is not done and
the pump is not under the operation, the water present in the pump and
suction pipe will flow back to the sump. The space occupied by water
will be filled by air.
• If the pump is now started, the air pockets inside the impeller may
give rise to vortices and cause the discontinuity of flow. Under these
condition, the flow of fluid does not commence and the pump runs
dry. It causes the rubbing and seizing of the wearing rings, increases
noise level and vibrations and finally may cause the serious damage
to pump.
How does Centrifugal pump work _.mp4
Centrifugal pump
Advantages
• Simple in construction and cheap
• Handle liquid with large amounts of solids
• No valves involved in pump operation
• Maintenance costs are lower
Disadvantages
• Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently
• Cannot be operated at high heads
• Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range of
conditions
Jet Pump
•This pump is a combination of a surface
centrifugal pump, down-hole nozzle, and
venturi arrangement. It can be used in small
diameter wells that require a lift of 100 feet
or less.
•The pump supplies water, under pressure, to
the nozzle. The increase in velocity at the
nozzle results in a decrease in pressure at that
point, which in turn draws water through the
foot valve into the intake pipe. The combined
flow then enters the venturi where the
velocity is gradually decreased and the
pressure head recovered. The excess flow is
discharged at the surface through a control
valve, which also maintains the required recirculating flow to the nozzle.
Jet Pumps.mp4
Positive Displacement Pumps
Positive displacement pumps
1. Reciprocating pumps
2. Rotary pumps
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
• Reciprocating pump classification
• 1. Sides in contact with water
a) Single acting Reciprocating pump
b) Double acting reciprocating pump
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2. Numbers of cylinder used
a) Single cylinder pump
b) Two cylinder pumps
c) Multi-cylinder pumps
Operations of single acting reciprocating pump
Positive Displacement Reciprocating Pumps Working Animation.mp4
Operation of double acting reciprocating pump
Animated Double Acting Compressor Cylinder.mp4
Diaphragm Pump
A diaphragm pump is a
positive displacement pump
that uses a combination of
reciprocating action and either
a flapper valve or a ball valve
to transfer liquids.
Diaphragm pumps are self
priming and are ideal for
viscous liquids. Diaphragm
pumps transfer almost any
kind of slurry, debris laden
waste,
food
processing
residual, liquid, stones, sticks,
sugar, oil sludge, refinery
waste,
mud,
clay
pharmaceutical,
industrial
fluids
Wilden - How Air-Operated Double-Diaphram Pumps Work.mp4
RANpump 1__ Diaphragm Pump Animation (Working System).mp4
Rotary pumps
• A rotary pump is a positive-displacement pump
that consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that
rotates inside of a cavity. In some cases these
vanes can be variable length and/or tensioned to
maintain contact with the walls as the pump
rotates
Gear pumps
Gear pump:
it consists of two or
more gears which mesh each
other. The rotation of these gears
provides pumping action .
Spur,
helical
,
herringbone types of gear may be
used for the purpose but spur
gear are most commonly used.
External Gear Pumps.flv
Animation How internal gear pump works.mp4
Vane pump
Vane pump:
Phun - Rotary Vane Pump.mp4
Rotary Vane Pump Animation.flv
 it consists of stationary casing
and cylindrical rotor.
 The cylindrical rotor contains
the sliding vanes which fitted to
the radial grooves of rotor as
shown as fig.
 The vanes are free to move
away from the centre of rotor due
to the spring action .
These make tight contact
between vanes and casing
rotation.
Liquid is carried on by the vanes
and finally discharge to the
delivery side.
Screw pumps
Screw pump:
 Screw pumps are
special type of rotary
positive displacement
pumps.
 It consists of pair of
screws, one of the
screw rotor drives
other screw rotor in the
stationary casing .
Screw Pump.flv
The liquid is carried
between screw threads
in pair of screws in
mesh and is displaced
axially as the screws
rotates.
Lobe pumps
NETZSCH TORNADO Rotary Lobe Pump.mp4
Rotary Piston Pump
Rotary Piston Pump Animation.mp4
Rotary Piston Pump Animation-1.mp4
Practical Application of Pumps
TYPE OF PUMP
APPLICATION
Piston pump
For low head and more discharge
Plunger pump
For high head and less discharge, and for
denser liquids.
Bucket pump
For low head and suitable for manual
operations
Centrifugal pump
For continuous flow, high discharge, low
head
Multi stage centrifugal pump
High discharge
Multi stage centrifugal pumps
For high head
Rotary pump
For viscous fluid like lubricating oil
Thanks for listening
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