INOVATION &
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
by : Rudy Wawolumaja
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
SYLABUS
•
•
PENDAHULUAN (session 1)
INOVASI (session 2)
–
–
–
–
Inovasi & Kreativitas
Inovasi merubah wajah dunia
Model Inovasi (session 3)
Apakah perkembangan teknologi
modern akhirnya membawa
manfaat atau malapetaka bagi
umat manusia.
•
KEWIRAUSAHAAN
IMPLEMENTASI :
– Mengenal tiga penggerak untuk
keberhasilan usaha
– Entry Strategy
– Business Plan
– Usaha Kecil & Manajemen Usaha
Kecil
GROWTH :
– Mengenal dan memahami
kesempatan (opportunity
recognition)
– Kesempatan pasar dan pemasaran
– Proyeksi Keuangan
– Pendanaan.
SESSION 4
IMPLEMENTASI
Rudy Wawolumaja / Universitas Kristen Maranatha
A VISION WITHOUT AN ACTION IS ONLY A DREAM,
AN ACTION WITHOUT A VISION IS JUST PASSING BY THE
TIME,
AVISION WITH AN ACTION IS A MISSION.
Unknown
Do something, please do something,
Do it right, or do it wrong, but do something damit.
Desperate guy
“Quote”
Implementasi
Proses ke 3 KEWIRAUSAHAAN
• Mengenal tiga penggerak untuk
keberhasilan usahaEntry Strategy
• Entry Strategy
• Business Plan
• Usaha Kecil & Manajemen Usaha Kecil
TIGA PENGGERAK YANG MENENTUKAN
KEBERHASILAN SUATU USAHA.
•
•
Jeffry Timmon's (9) mengemukakan tiga
penggerak yang menentukan keberhasilan suatu
usaha, dimana ketiga komponen tersebut harus
selaras satu sama lainnya.
Ketiga penggerak tersebut adalah :
1. Entrepreneur yang unggul.
2. Kesempatan - Opportunity yang menarik.
3. Sumber Daya – Modal, management, teknologi.
SUKSES = INTERSEKSI KEMAMPUAN
& KESEMPATAN
Kemampuan
Kesempatan
• Timmons memodelkannya sbb.:
ketidakpastian
OPPORTUNITY
ENTREPRENEUR
FITS &
GAP
ketidakpastian
ketidakpastian
RESOURCES
Sukses Usaha = perpaduan / interseksi
entrepreneur + Resources + Opportunity
Entrepreneur
Opportunity
sukses
Resources
SUKSES
• Kemampuan mewakili entrepreneur dan
sumber daya (management team, dana,
modal, skill, sdm dll),
• Kesempatan (opportunity) adalah hal
yang perlu dicermati, ditangkap dan
dimengerti.
• Kesempatan yang menarik, tepat ditangkap
oleh wirausahawan dan dikatakan
wirausahawan tersebut mendapat idee
inovatif. Namun idee cemerlang saja tidak
cukup, mengembangkan,
mengimplementasi dan membuatnya
menjadi bisnis yang berhasil, hal itulah
yang lebih penting.
• Contoh yang pernah dikemukakan, Alexander
Flemming menemukan penicillin secara kebetulan
dan penemuan tersebut belum memberi dampak
yang luas, sampai 10 tahun kemudian Ernst Chain
dan Howard Florey melihat potensi / opportunity
dan mengembangkannya. Pada Perang Dunia II,
penicillin menyelamatkan jiwa banyak sekali
orang dan dianggap sebagai kemajuan dramatis
dalam farmasi dan sebagai titik awal
perkembangan antibiotik modern..
SUKSES
• Dalam ke wirausahaan, sukses atau
keberuntungan (luck) adalah dimana
KESEMPATAN dan KEMAMPUAN
bertemu.
SUKSES
SO WHAT ?? JADI
BAGAIMANA??? MUSTI APA ???
• Kesempatan adalah faktor luar, diluar
kendali entrepreneur. (leave it, kecuali utk
penguasa/pemerintah – bagaimana
menciptakan kesempatan – bukan utk
sendiri ????)
• Kemampuan yg bisa diperkuat, termasuk
bagaimana mengenali kesempatan.
Kemampuan
Kesempatan
Maximum SUKSES
3 variabel, 2 faktor
Entrepreneurship Resources
Opportunity
Max. SUKSES
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Big
Small
Small
Big
Small
Small
Small
Big
Big
Small
Big
Small
Small
Small
Big
Small
Big
Small
Big
Big
Small
Small
Big
Big
Big
Big
Sejauh mana Entrepreneurship bisa
dikembangkan ???????
•
•
Apakah entrepreneurship dapat dipelajari ?
Entrepreneurship adalah art & science atau ketrampilan, seni dan pengetahuan.
Pertanyaannya dapatkah entrepreneurship di ajarkan ? Beberapa puluh tahun
yang lalu, banyak guru besar yang berpendapat bahwa hal ini tidak dapat
diajarkan. Pada saat ini entrepreneurship umumnya diajarkan dalam
kurikulum dan kurikulum tersebut terus berkembang dihampir semua sekolah
bisnis di Amerika. Secara ilmiah dipelajari terus, bagaimana proses penciptaan
bisnis baru terjadi, sehingga diperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik.
•
Tentunya tidak dapat dijamin bahwa akan muncul Bill Gate baru, sama
dengan seorang proffesor ilmu Fisika tidak dapat menjamin akan
menghasilkan Alber Einstein yang lain, atau seorang pelatih tenis akan
menghasilkan Martina Navratillova.
Faktor kapasitas, bakat bisnis, latihan/pengalaman akan sangat menentukan
kadar entrepreneurship.
•
Bakat sebagai Pembatas
• Pelatihan, pengembangan tidak dapat menjamin
akan menghasilkan Bill Gate baru, sama dengan
seorang professor ilmu Fisika tidak dapat
menjamin akan menghasilkan Albert Einstein
yang lain, atau seorang pelatih tenis akan
menghasilkan Martina Navratillova.
• Faktor kapasitas, bakat bisnis, latihan/pengalaman
akan sangat menentukan kadar entrepreneurship
• PELATIHAN MENGOPTIMALKAN
SESEORANG MENCAPAI KAPASITASNYA
YANG MAXIMAL
Model proses entrepreneur Bygrave
INNOVASI
FAKTOR
PRIBADI
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????
TRIGGERING
EVENT
IMPLEMENTASI
GROWTH
FAKTOR
SOSIO
KULTURAL
FAKTOR
LINGKUNGAN
•????
•????
•????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????
• ????
Empat Proses Entrepreneurship
Proses 1
Innovation
Proses 2
Triggering
Event /
Kejadian pemicu
Proses 3
Implementasi
Faktor :
•Pribadi
•Sosio Kultural
•Lingkungan
Proses 4
Growth /
Pertumbuhan
ENTRY STRATEGY
• Merintis Usaha Baru (New Business) –
Finding a Niche
• Membeli perusahaan orang lain
• Kerjasama Manajemen (Franchising)
Getting Started :
1: List your reasons for wanting to go into
business. Some of the most common
reasons for starting a business are:
– Self-management
– Financial independence
– Creative freedom
– Full use of personal skills and knowledge
Getting Started :
2: Next determine what business is right for
you. Ask yourself these questions:
–
–
–
–
–
What do I like to do with my time?
What technical skills have I learned or developed?
What do others say I am good at?
Will I have the support of my family?
How much time do I have to run a successful
business?
– Do I have any hobbies or interests that are
marketable?
Getting Started :
3: Identify your business niche. Research and
answer these questions:
–
–
–
–
–
What business am I interested in starting?
What services or products will I sell?
Is my idea practical, and will it fill a need?
What is my competition?
What is my business's advantage over existing
firms?
– Can I deliver a better quality service?
– Can I create a demand for my business?
Getting Started :
4: The final step before developing your plan is
the pre-business checklist. You should answer
these questions:
– What skills and experience do I bring to the
business?
– What legal structure will I use?
– How will my company's business records be
maintained?
– What insurance coverage will be needed?
– What equipment or supplies will I need?
– How will I compensate myself?
– What are my resources?
– What financing will I need?
– Where will my business be located?
– What will I name my business?
Merintis Usaha Baru (New
Business) – Finding a Niche
• A market in its entirety is too broad in scope for any
but the largest companies to tackle successfully. The
best strategy for a smaller business is to divide
demand into manageable market niches. Small
operations can then offer specialized goods and
services attractive to a specific group of prospective
buyers.
• There are undoubtedly some particular products or
services you are especially suited to provide. Study
the market carefully and you will find opportunities
Defining a Company’s Business
•
Definisi bisnis yang baik mencakup 3
faktor :
–
Customer needs -- WHAT is being
satisfied (PRODUK ?, JASA?)
–
Customer groups -- WHO is being
satisfied (MARKET ?)
–
Technologies used and functions
performed -- HOW customer needs
are satisfied (TEKNOLOGI?)
Buying a Business
• Many find the idea of running a small
business appealing, but lose their
motivation after dealing with business
plans, investors, and legal issues
associated with new start-ups. For
those disheartened by such risky
undertakings, buying an existing
business is often a simpler and safer
alternative.
Buying a Business
• Advantages
• The main reason to buy an existing business
is the drastic reduction in start-up costs of
time, money, and energy. In addition, cash
flow may start immediately thanks to existing
inventory and receivables. Other benefits
include pre-existing customer goodwill and
easier financing opportunities, if the business
has a positive track record.
Buying a Business
• Disadvantages
• The biggest block to buying a small business
outright is the initial purchasing cost. Because
the business concept, customer base,
brands, and other fundamental work has
already been done, the financial costs of
acquiring an existing business is usually
greater then starting one from nothing. Other
possible disadvantages include hidden
problems associated with the business and
receivables that are valued at the time of
purchase, but later turn out to be noncollectable. Good research is the key to
avoiding these problems.
Buying a Franchise
• Because of the risk and work involved in
starting a new business, many new
entrepreneurs choose franchising as an
alternative to starting a new,
independent business from scratch.
• If you are concerned about the risk
involved in a new, independent
business venture, then franchising may
be the best business option for you. But
remember that hard work, dedication,
and sacrifice are essential to the
success of any business venture,
including franchising.
What is Franchising ?
• A franchise is a legal and commercial
relationship between the owner of a
trademark, service mark, trade name, or
advertising symbol and an individual or
group wishing to use that identification
in a business. The franchise governs
the method of conducting business
between the two parties. Generally, a
franchisee sells goods or services
supplied by the franchisor or that meet
the franchisor's quality standards.
• Franchising is based on mutual trust between
the franchisor and franchisee. The franchisor
provides the business expertise (marketing
plans, management guidance, financing
assistance, site location, training, etc.) that
otherwise would not be available to the
franchisee. The franchisees brings to the
franchise operation the entrepreneurial spirit
and drive necessary to make the franchise a
success.
•
There are primarily two forms of
franchising:
1. Product/trade name franchising and
2. Business format franchising.
MENGENAL DAN MEMAHAMI
KESEMPATAN (OPPORTUNITY
RECOGNITION)
•
Apakah kesempatan (opportunity) itu?
Kesempatan erat kaitannya dengan
kebutuhan, dimana ada kebutuhan (need),
maka akan ada permintaan (demand), bila
demand (permintaan) tersebut ada dalam
waktu yang cukup dan dalam volume yang
cukup, maka hal tersebut akan menjadi
kesempatan bisnis
WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY
5-10 tahun
MARKET
SIZE
RP / $
Window of
opportunity
WAKTU (TAHUN)