ENS 207 ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
Lecture 1: Introduction to engineering
graphics
1
Information
Lecturer: Kemal Turan
 Schedule
 Tuesday 14:00 to 16:50
(Computer Lab F1.18)
 Office : F1. 12
 Email: kturan@ius.edu.ba
Book
• Engineering graphics
with AutoCAD 2008
James D. Bethune
PEARSON
 Additional material will be
provided if necessary.
2
Assessment
Quizzes (4)
Mid-term exam (2)
Assignments/HW
Final Exam
25%
25%
15 %
35%
3
Course Objectives
• Develop the ability to communicate with others through the
language of technical drawing and sketching.
• Develop the ability to read and interpret engineering drawings
created by others.
• use of international standards for drafting.
• Develop an understanding of 2D and 3D computer aided
drafting.
Effectiveness of Graphics Language
1. Try to write a description of
this object.
2. Test your written description
by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.
can you easily understand that …?
Basic Knowledge for Drafting
Word
language
Graphics
language
Line
types
Projection
method
Geometric
construction
Lettering
Standards
Standards are set of rules that govern how technical
drawings are represented.
Drawing standards are used so that drawings transmit
the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
Standard Code
USA
Germany
ANSI
American National Standard Institute
DIN
Deutsches Institut für Normung
ISO
International Standards Organization
Composition of Graphic Language
Graphic language in “engineering application” use
lines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours
of objects.
The language is known as “drawing” or “drafting” .
A drawing can be done using freehand, instruments
or computer .
Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.
Example
Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.
Example
Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, solid works etc.
Example
DRAWING PENCILS
High-quality drawing pencils help produce good quality
technical sketches and drawings.
Hard
The hard leads in this
group (left) are used
where extreme
accuracy is required,
as on graphical
computations and
charts and diagrams.
The softer leads in this
group (right) are
sometimes used for
line work on
engineering drawings,
but their use is limited
because the lines are
apt to be too light.
Medium
These grades are for
general-purpose work in
technical drawing. The
softer grades (right) are
used for technical sketching,
lettering, arrowheads,
and other freehand work
on mechanical drawings.
The harder leads (left) are
used for line work on
machine drawings and
architectural drawings. The
H and 2H leads are widely
used on pencil tracings for
reproduction.
Soft
These leads are too
soft to be useful in
mechanical drafting.
They tend to produce
smudged, rough lines
that are hard to erase,
and the lead must be
sharpened continually.
These grades are used
for artwork of various
kinds, and for full-size
details in architectural
drawing.
Style of Pencil
You might be surprised how much your drawings benefit from finding a style of pencil
that suits your use. Soft pencils, such as HB or F, are mainly used in freehand
sketching.
Choose a pencil that:
• Is soft enough to produce clear black lines, but hard enough not to
smudge (leke, mrlja) too easily.
• Is not so soft that the point breaks
easily.
• Feels comfortable in your hand.
• Grips the lead without slipping.
STANDARD SHEETS
* May also be used as a vertical sheet size at 11" tall by 8.5" wide.