Egyptian Artwork
Holladay
Artwork… for their religion!
 Architecture/Pyramids
 The Figure; 18/20 grid pyramid, frontal
facing/ awkward positions
 Paintings
 Reliefs/ Sculpture
 Language= Hieroglyphics
History of Kingdoms

Old
-
Went from mastabas to pyramids, used mudbrick, first pyramid was for King Djosers (looked like ziggurat)
-
Pyramids of Giza
-
End of “grand pyramids”

Middle
-split into competing states
- Rich/privilaged could have elaborate tombs for themselves
-
Began carving tombs into cliffs
-
Increase in trade + increase middle class = increase demands
-
Hyksos conquered lower egypt.

New
-
Egypt expanded into an empire (Nubia and Libya)
-
No pyramids, mostly rock tombs
-
Artwork moved to more naturalistic
-
Queen Hepshepsut = increase in peace (only had 4 queens in 3,000 year reign)

Leaving the New Kingdom
-
Moved toward monotheistic because of Amun Hotep IV, 18th dynasty = increase humanity
-
Open air temples, natural setting
-
“honesty” depicted pharaoh truthfully
-
King Tut
Iconography.. Just a few.
 Lotus Flower; resurrection
 Hippopotamus; female

-
hippopotamus, as a goddess
of maternity and a protector
or women in childbirth, male
hippo as the embodiment of
all that was dangerous and
wild
Gods
Horus (sky god, hawk head)
Amun (god of creation)
Ra (sun god or soul)
Anubis (death, jackal)
 Upper Egypt, bowling pin




crown, lotus and vulture
Lower Egypt, red hatchet
crown, papyrus
Hippopotamus
Ankh (symbol of life)
Eye of Horus, protection and
royal power
Portrait of a Boy, 2nd century
C.E.; Roman period
Egyptian
Architecture/Pyramids
 Burial tombs
 Lotus Collumns
 Sphinx
Old Kingdom
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/pyramids/pyramids.html
Kinds of Pyramids
Pyramid: a special type of polyhedron (a polyhedron is a solid
figure with flat faces that are polygons)in which all of the faces,
except possibly the base, are triangles that meet in a common
point called the vertex. The base is always a polygon (a polygon is
a closed figure with 3 or more sides) but not always a triangle.
There are three main kinds of pyramids:
the Step Pyramid, which has six steps;
the Bent Pyramid (only one was made, and that was for Pharaoh
Sneferu),
and the Straight-sided Pyramid (also known as the True Pyramid,
which is also the most common).
The Great Sphinx of Giza with Khafre's pyramid in the background.
Fourth dynasty, Old Kingdom
The Temple of Dendur, ca. 15 B.C.E.; Roman period
Egyptian; Nubia, Dendur
temple of ramses ii, abu simbel (67 years, 19th dynasty, 65 ft tall
statues, used art as political propoganda)
The Figure
Paintings
 Very symbolic; religiously based
 Paintings of afterlife
 Book of the Dead; allowed anyone to be resurrected (old
kingdom= murals, new kingdom = on papyrus scrolls),
included spells, charms, passwords, prayers.. Individualized
to owner
 http://historylink101.net/egypt_1/pic_wall_paintings_1.h
tm
Ostracon, ca. 1295–?1069 B.C.E.; Dynasties 19–20; New Kingdom
Egyptian; Thebes
Section from the "Book of the Dead" of Nany, ca. 1040–945 B.C.E.; Dynasty 21,
reigns of Psensennes I–II; Third Intermediate period
Egyptian; Western Thebes
Relief of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep,
ca. 2040–2010 B.C.E.;
reign of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep;
Middle Kingdom Egyptian;
Upper Egypt, Western Thebes
Tombs
 Covered in heirogphic spells
 Common images; gods protecting the pharoahs deceased,
afterlife
 Ushabtis = mummy slaves to protect
 Pharoahs buried with everything.. Like food, carriages,
animals,
Coffin of Khnum-nakht,
ca. 1900–1800 B.C.E.;
Dynasty 12; Middle
Kingdom
Egyptian; Possibly from
Asyut
Outer Coffin of Henettawy, ca. 1040–991
B.C.E.; Dynasty 21; Third Intermediate period
Egyptian; Thebes
Pottery
Bowl with Human Feet, ca. 3750–3550 B.C.E.;
possibly late Naqada I–early Naqada II; Predynastic period
Reliefs/ Sculpture
Scarab of Wah,
ca. 1990–1985 B.C.E.;
early Dynasty 12;
Middle Kingdom
Egyptian;
Western Thebes
Statue of an Offering Bearer, ca. 1985
B.C.E.; Dynasty 12, early reign of Amenemhat
I; Middle Kingdom
Egyptian; Western Thebes
Statue of Demedji and Hennutsen,
ca. 2465–26 B.C.E.;
early Dynasty 5;
Old Kingdom
Egyptian
Ritual Figure, ca. 1929–1878 B.C.E.; Dynasty
12, reigns of Amenemhat II–Senwosret II; Middle
Kingdom
Egyptian; Lisht
Stela of Mentuwoser, ca. 1955 B.C.E.; Dynasty
12, reign of Senwosret I, year 17; Middle Kingdom
Egyptian; Probably from Abydos
Statuette of Amun, ca. 945–715 B.C.E.; Dynasty 22; late Dynastic period
Egyptian
Ram's-Head Amulet, ca.
770–657 B.C.E.; Dynasty
25; late Dynastic period
Egyptian
Statuette of a Woman,
664–525 B.C.E.; Dynasty 26; late
Dynastic period
Egyptian
The God Horus Protecting King
Nectanebo II, 360–343 B.C.E.; Dynasty
30, reign of Nectanebo II; late period
Egyptian
Cat, 330–30 B.C.E.;
Ptolemaic period
Egyptian
Sphinx of Senwosret III, ca. 1878–1841 B.C.E.;
Dynasty 12, reign of Senwosret III; Middle Kingdom
Egyptian
Pectoral with the
Name of
Senwosret II, ca.
1897–1878 B.C.E.;
Dynasty 12, reigns of
Senwosret II–
Amenemhat III;
Middle Kingdom
Egyptian; Lahun
Statuette of a Hippopotamus, ca. 1981-1885 B.C.E.; Dynasty 12; Middle Kingdom
Egyptian; Middle Egypt, Meir
Kneeling Statue of Tuthmosis
III, 1479–25 B.C.E.; Dynasty 18,
reign of Tuthmosis III; New
Kingdom
Egyptian
Sphinx of Amenhotep III
1391-1353BCE 18th dynasty
New Kingdom
Egypt
Canopic Jar with a Lid in the
Shape of a Royal Woman's Head ,
ca. 1349–1336 B.C.E. or shortly
after; Dynasty 18, late reign of
Akhenaten; New Kingdom
Egyptian; Western Thebes
Language
 Cartouche; oblong enclosure with a horizontal line at one
end, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name
 Heiroglychics, picture language
 Rosetta Stone: translator from
egyptian to greek.. Used Coptic
The ‘in between language’ that crossed
Phonetic sounds of egypt to greek
 At British
Museum
Works Cited
 http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://mathildasa
nthropologyblog.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/mastabaok.j
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GD-EG-Karnak040.JPG