Biology- S2 Final Exam
Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics
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Differentiate between the products of meiosis and mitosis.
What does it mean for an organism to homozygous? Heterozygous?
Understand the basic patterns of dominant vs. recessive inheritance.
Distinguish between incomplete dominance and codominance.
Who is considered the father of genetics? Why did he use pea plants?
Be able to perform a punnett square cross and identify the offspring’s phenotypes and genotypes.
Chapter 12: DNA
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Be able to describe the structure of DNA.
Identify the 4 nitrogenous bases, and which pair together.
Who were some of the people responsible for the discovery of the structure of DNA?
Define crossing over.
Which of the 4 macromolecules discussed in chapter 2 is DNA classified as?
In which organelle can DNA be found?
Differentiate between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA. (Hint: which is more simple?)
Be able to apply Chargaff’s rule.
Chapter 13: RNA and Protein Synthesis
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What are some characteristics about RNA that are different from DNA?
What part of mRNA is NOT used in protein synthesis?
What are codons and what do the “code” for?
Do most cancers occur due to the mutations in one or many genes?
What are point mutations? Frameshift mutations?
Chapter 14: Human Heredity
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How many chromosomes are in the human genome? What are the first 22 pairs called? What is
the last pair called?
Why are males more affected by sex-linked traits than females?
Describe the following diseases/disorders: Sickle cell anemia, Huntington’s disease, Turner
syndrome, Down syndrome.
What are the sex chromosomes for males? For females?
Chapter 31: Nervous System
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Describe lateralization.
Be able to identify the location and function of the following structures: myelin sheath, dendrites,
What are the 3 types of neurons and their functions?
Rods and cones allow us to see color and see things with more precision. In what part of the eye
are they located?
Know the functions of each of the 4 lobes of the brain.