MARNELYJANE P. ALBITE
marnely_85@yahoo.com.ph
MEEM
Rizal Elementary School
Tagum City Division
Tagum City
Philippines
“If you talk to a man in a language he
understands that goes to his head. If you
talk to him in his language that goes to
his heart.”
-Nelson Mandela-
Efficiency of Mother Tongue Based-Multi
Lingual Education (MTB-MLE) Approaches in
Teaching Science
INTRODUCTION

While there are many factors involved in delivering
quality basic education, language is clearly the key to
communication and understanding in the classroom
(Skutnab-Kangas 2000).

Instruction through a language that learners do not
speak has been called “submersion” because it is
analogous to holding learners under water without
teaching them how to swim (Skutnab-Kangas 2000).

The K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum has been
implemented for more than three years. One of its
features is proficiency through language, the use of
Mother Tongue- Based Multilingual Education. Thus,
mother tongue shall be used as a medium of instruction
(DepEd Order 31, s. 2012).

In Tagum City Division, teachers in Grade 3 are provided
with learners’ material in Science that is in
Sinugbuanong Binisaya version and instructed to bridge
or translate some words in the learning material that is
not common to children.

However, the teachers bridging style might be a factor
that affects this pupils academic dilemma.

With this prevailing predicament, the researcher is
encouraged to investigate on how efficient the MTBMLE bridging approach of the teachers that will lead to
the better academic performance of Grade 3 pupils in
Science.
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE

Many South African learners face language barriers in
the classroom since they are not familiar in the
language, thus they cannot perform well in the
classroom (Owen-Smith, 2010).

Today, mother tongue education is applied in many
countries, including Asia on the basis of reducing poor
performance (Dumatog and Dekker, 2003).

According to Ashworth (1992), mother tongue is the
language which the person acquires in early years and
which normally becomes her natural instrument of
thought and communication.

Results of 2003 Trends in International Mathematics and
Science Study (TIMMS) conducted by the International
Association for the Evaluation on Educational
Achievements (IEA) where Philippines ranked 23rd out of
25 participating countries.

In line with the status of present education in multilingual
society, the Department of Education is now on its
command of improving the quality education among
primary grades through DepEd Order 74, dated July
2009 which states “Institutionalizes Mother Tongue
Based – Multilingual Education as a fundamental
educational policy and program.”
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Statement of the Problem
The study attempted to answer the following questions:
What is the level of the pretest grades of Grade 3 students in
Science in terms of :
1.1 Knowledge
1.2 Process
1.3 Understanding
1.4 Performance
2. What is the level of the posttest grades of Grade 3 students in
Science in terms
of:
2.1 Knowledge
2.2 Process
2.3 Understanding
2.4 Performance
1.
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
3.
Is there a significant difference on the pretest grades of
Grade 3 students in
Science
when analyzed by
treatment?
4.
Is there a significant difference on the posttest grades of
Grade 3 students in
Science
when analyzed by
treatment?
5. What Enhancement Program in teaching Science using
MTB-MLE as off
shoot of
the study?
THEORETICAL AND
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The study is anchored on the learning theory of Ivan
Pavlov- the Classical Conditioning.

Educational Theory of Dekker, that children learn best
from a familiar starting point and that learning should
begin with what child knows and understands.
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Independent Variables
Pretest Scores using
a.
Sinugbuanong Binisaya
b.
Bisaya version
Postest Scores using
a.
Sinugbuanong Binisaya
b.
Bisaya version
Output
Enhancement
Program
METHODOLOGY AND
DESIGN
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Research Design

The study employed the quasi-experimental design
known as the pretest and posttest non-equivalent group
design since only two groups were used in the study:
the Experimental and Control groups.
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Statistical Treatment

Mean
Was used to measure the level of pretest and posttest
grades of Grade 3 in Science.

T-test
Was used to determine the significance of the difference
between the pretest and posttest grades of Grade 3 pupils
in Science when analyzed by treatment.
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Task Analysis on the Questionnaire 1 for Control Group
Revision and Refinement of Questionnaire 2 for Experimental
Group
Asking permission from the Principal of RES, the Grade 3
Parents and Pupils
Administration of Pretest
Treatment Period
Administration of Posttest
Analysis and Interpretation of data
End
Figure 2. Flow Chart of the Research Procedure
RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Results and Findings:
Table 1 Level of Pretest Grade of Grade 3 Pupils
Indicator
Standard
Deviation
Mean
11.08669
81.94
Process
9.12275
88.80
P
Understanding
12.57209
82.06
AP
Performance
9.30867
87.96
P
Knowledge
Overall
Performance
7.81962
85.58
Description
AP
P
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
From the data, it can be noted that the
over-all mean is 85.58 which is proficient.
This is because the medium of instruction
used by the teacher in teaching Science is
the Sinugbuanong Bisaya.
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Results and Findings:
Table 2 Level of Posttest Grade of Grade 3 Pupils
Indicator
Standard
Deviation
Mean
10.57868
90.36
7.17777
95.10
A
Understanding
13.61368
83.88
AP
Performance
7.67251
95.10
A
Knowledge
Process
Overall
Performance
6.80888
91.08
Description
A
A
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
It can be noted that the overall mean of
pupils result is advanced with a mean score
of 91.08. This indicates that the pupils who
took the posttest have a high result in their
score. This is due to the fact that Science
subject in grade three is being taught in
mother tongue and that the test is also
constructed using the said language.
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Table 3 Significant Difference on the Pretest Grades of Grade 3 Pupils when
Analyzed by Treatment
Indicator
F Value
P Value
Significant
@ .05
Ho Decision
Knowledge
.207
.651
Not Significant
Accept
Process
4.781
.034
Significant
Reject
Understanding
.095
.759
Not Significant
Accept
Performance
.278
.600
Not Significant
Accept
Overall
Performance
.254
.616
Not Significant
Accept
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
The overall performance has a p value of .616,
which means that pretest grades when analyzed by
treatment did not differ significantly.
Moreover, in teaching pupils to learn, language
or the medium of instruction is very vital. Students
will have a greater or better understanding of the
lesson if lessons are presented in a language that is
common to them.
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Table 4 Significant Difference on the Posttest Grades of Grade 3 Pupils when
Analyzed by Treatment
Indicator
F Value
P Value
Significant
@ .05
Ho Decision
Knowledge
7.025
.011
Significant
Reject
Process
.359
.552
Not Significant
Accept
Understanding
.930
.340
Not Significant
Accept
Performance
15.254
.000
Significant
Reject
Overall
Performance
6.617
.013
Significant
Reject
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
The overall performance has a performance
value of .013 lower than .05 degree of confidence
set in this study. This result negates the acceptance
of the null hypothesis set in this study.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the
implementation of the treatment greatly affects the
result of their scores in the posttest. These results
also support the theory of Dekker on which this
study is anchored.
CONCLUSIONS
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
Conclusions
Based on the findings of the study, the researcher arrived at the
following conclusions:
1.The overall pretest grade of pupils in Science was proficient.
2.The overall posttest grade of pupils in Science was advanced.
3.Both methods used in the experimental and control group are
good. This is due to the increased scores in the posttest as
compared to the pretest.
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
4.
There was no significant difference on the pretest grades
when
analyzed by treatment.
5.
There was significant difference on the posttest grades
when analyzed by treatment. This means that the
implemented treatment
greatly affects the result of
the study
RECOMMENDATIONS
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
From the findings of this study, the following recommendations are
herein listed:
1.
Science teachers must improve their bridging approach in their
teaching for effective delivery of the lesson.
2.
Seminars and in-service training should be conducted in the
division level regarding MTB-MLE Bridging Approaches in
Teaching Science for uniformity of the words used in teaching
Science.
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
3.
A new learner’s material (LM) in Grade 3 Science in full
Bisaya version will be made and used by the teachers as
to congruency of the lesson.
4.
The proposed intervention program should be adopted and
be implemented the soonest possible time in order to
enhance the academic performance of the pupils, and
5.
A similar study may be conducted covering a bigger
number of respondents in another venue.
ACTION PLAN
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
A PROPOSED INTERVENTION SCHEME FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
GRADE 3 PUPILS IN SCIENCE OF RIZAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
KRA’S
PROCESS
(Measurable
Indicators)
1. Teachers Enhancement Activity for Knowledge Level
Elevates
Knowledge
Skills of Grade
3 pupils in
Science to
Advanced
level.
OBJECTIVES
To elevate
and or
promote
knowledge
skills of Grade
3 pupils in
Science to
Advanced
level.
STRATEGIES
Participation to
Seminar and
Workshops
Adopt
Strategies that
enhance
knowledge
level such as
mentoring (one
on one, peer,
and remedial
classes to
struggling
pupils.)
SUCCESS
INDICATORS
(MOV)
TIME
FRAME
Submit Activity Training and
April- May
Proposal to
workshop
2015
the Principal
Program for
Teaching
Strategy will be
provided for
teachers
PERSONS
INVOLVE
Teachers
Pupils
Department of Education
Tagum City Division
1. Teachers Enhancement Activity for Understanding Level
Elevates
Understanding
Level of
Grade 3 pupils
in Science to
Advanced
level.
To elevate
and or
promote
understanding
level of Grade
3 pupils in
Science to
Advanced
level.
Participation to Submit Activity Training and
April- May Teachers
Seminar and
Proposal to
workshop
2015
Workshops
the Principal
Program for
Teaching
Adopt
Strategy will be
Strategies that
provided for
enhance
teachers
understanding
level such as
mentoring (one
on one, peer,
and remedial
classes and
others to
struggling
pupils.)