The end of a 20 year truce!
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CAUSES OF WWII
Aggression by the totalitarian powers
Nationalism
Failures of the Treaty of Versailles
Weakness of the League of Nations
Tendencies towards isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the U.S.
Appeasement
German invasion of Poland
Fall of France
Battle of Britain
German invasion of the Soviet Union
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
D-Day (Allied invasion of Europe)
Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
United States
*FDR – U.S. President
*Harry Truman – U.S.
President following death of FDR
*Dwight D. Eisenhower – allied commander in
Europe
*Douglas MacArthur –
General - Allies in the
Pacific
*George Marshall general
Britain
*Winston Churchill – prime minister
Soviet Union
*Joseph Stalin – dictator
Germany
*Adolf Hitler – dictator
Japan
*Hideki Tojo – general
*Hirohito – emperor
Italy, Germany, and Japan have formed the Axis
Powers
Italy has taken Ethiopia (parts of it…)
League of Nations did nothing
Germany has taken the Sudetenland, Austria, and the Rhineland
British and French following policy of appeasement
What next?
September 1, 1939 – Germany invaded Poland
Accomplished by the use of the “blitzkrieg” tactic
“lightning war”
Planes rain bombs down at the same time as slower troops and tanks cross the border—the goal was to take the enemy by surprise
Even though France and England declare war against Germany on September 3, 1939 Poland falls within 3 weeks
“One People, One
Reich, One Führer!”
The “secret” part of the nonaggressive pact was that the Soviet Union could occupy the eastern half of Poland.
WHAT WOULD YOU SAY WERE THE POLITICAL
REASONS BEHIND STALIN’S ACTIONS IN EUROPE
AT THE BEGINNING OF WWII???
May 1940 – Germany began its attack toward
France
France held its defenses along the Maginot
Line
a line of defenses built by the French along their border to keep the Germans out
WHAT DO YOU THINK HAPPENS NEXT…???
What do you see wrong with this picture???
Germany kept the Allies’ attention along the
Maginot Line while sneaking his army through the Ardennes.
Italy declared war on France & Britain by June
10 th
June 14 – Paris falls to the Germans
France is taken over in 6 weeks!
After the fall of France, Britain remained the only country left to face Germany
Winston Churchill – Prime Minister – declared
Britain would never surrender!
Operation Sea Lion – Germany’s plan to knock out the Royal Air Force (RAF)
Bombing by day and night continues until May, when
Hitler, surprised by the resistance, calls off the attacks
Battle of Britain continued until May 10, 1940 when Hitler turned his sights to Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean
1 st objective – North Africa – mainly due to
Mussolini
To gain access to oil, Mussolini sought to control British occupied Egypt in Sept 1940
Hitler gets involved to aid Mussolini as the
British begun to push the Italian troops further back
Erwin Rommel “Desert Fox” sent in to achieve a victory for Germany – he is successful
Hitler’s plan to attack the Soviet Union
Soviet Union was not prepared for this attack – why???
As the Russians retreat they use a scorched earth policy – what is this???
September 8 th – Hitler attempted to starve the city of Stalingrad into surrendering but the people refuse
Turned his sights to Moscow – the capital and heart of the Soviet Union
What was the U.S. position at the beginning of the war???
March 1941 – Lend-Lease Act – the president could lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country vital to the U.S.
Secret meetings between FDR and Churchill
Undeclared naval war between Germany and the U.S.
What does this mean???
France falls
Hitler decides to expand
Hitler invades Poland
Hitler marches to Austria
Munich Conference – giving Sudetenland over
Battle of Britain RAF vs. German Luftwaffe
Hitler claims Baltic States, Scandinavia and
Belgium