Chapter 5 Text Assignment
WWII
Key points you should have…
Terms
Blitzkrieg: lightening attack
Zombies: conscripted Canadians who never served
overseas
Appeasement: the policy of agreeing to the
demands of another in order to avoid conflict or
hostility
Referendum: (plebiscite or vote) submitting an
issue to a direct vote of the people
Terms
Imperialism: the policy of extending the
rule of one country over another country or
territory
Baby Boomers: people born between 1945
and 1965
Corvettes: small fast warships built to
accompany merchant fleets/ convoys
1. How did Canadians react to the beginning of WWII? How
was this different from WWI?
Reaction to WWII
Mood was somber
No slogans heralding glories of
war
Realities of WWI were known
Canada waited a week after
Britain as an act of sovereignty
2. How did technology change between WWI and WWII?
Technological changes:
Air power-bombings
Weapons of mass destruction now included
the atomic bomb
WWII Bombers
Hurricane Mk. XII for the RCAF
Avro Lancaster MK-1
3. Explain Canada’s roles in both the air and the Atlantic.
Canada’s roles in the war in the Atlantic:
Defend Canadian coastline
Serve as protective escort for convoys
crossing Atlantic
1943- RCAF bombers joined in the
protection of convoys
3. Explain Canada’s roles in both the air and the Atlantic.
Canada’s contribution to the war in the air:
a) Running the British Commonwealth Air raining
Plan (BCATP) from 1939-45 at over 200 sites
across Canada
b) Provided air support during the Battle of Britain
c) Served in Allied Bomber Command and
participated in the bombing of German cities
Dresden
•The bombing of Dresden in February 1945
• One of the more controversial aspects of WWII
•Many thousands of civilians in the firestorm that
was created by the Allies.
4. How did the navy change between 1939-45?
Canada’s Navy
1939- 6 destroyers, 5 minesweepers, 2
training ships, 3500personnel
1945- 4th largest navy in the world
373 warships
100 000+ personnel
Canada’s Navy
Barracuda being moved between decks
Ice formed on deck from ocean spray
Anti-aircraft guns (Oerlikons) being fired
5. Who were the Merchant Marines and why are they called
the unsung heroes of WWII?
The Merchant Marines were Canadian
sailors who served on merchant vessels
transporting supplies to the Allied forces
They were not given the same benefits as
war veterans even though they had directly
entered combat zones
6. What happened at Dieppe? Why? What was Canada’s
involvement?
Dieppe was an attempted raid by Allied
force on the coast of France in 1940
Limited invasion by sea
Intended to reduce pressure on Russia by
diverting German forces
Was a disaster- “surprise” attack failed
3500 Canadians attacked 900 died and 1900
became POWs, others wounded.
Dieppe
7. What was Operation Overlord?
When and where did it happen?
How successful was it? What was Canada’s role?
Operation Overlord (D-day, Normandy,
Juno Beach)
Canada landed at Juno Beach
By day’s end had gained more ground than
any other Allied division
Operation Overlord Clip
8. Read pg 62- Voices. What 2 agreements were reached?
Explain what each was about.
Ogdensburg: agreement created a
Permanent Joint Board of Defense to
protect the northern half if the northern
hemisphere
1941 Hyde Park Declaration established a
plan for Canada and the USA to coordinate
purchase of military arms and supplies
9. When and what was VE day?
V-E day
Victory in Europe
May 7, 1945
Germany surrendered (Japan did not)
VE Day Images
10. What happened to Canadians at the battle of
Hong Kong?
Battle of Hong Kong
1900 Canadians were stationed here
lost after 3 weeks of fighting
Unprepared- untested soldiers
500+ died in battle or were in Japanese
POW camps after this battle
POW Camps
11. How did WWII finally end in August of 1945?
WWII ended after the USA
dropped 2 nuclear bombs
called “little boy” and “fat
man” on Japan
Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)killed 90,000–166,000
Nagasaki (August 9th,
1945)- killed 60,000–80,000
Japan surrendered on August
14, 1945
Hiroshima
Little Boy
Nagasaki
Fat Man
12. Do you agree with the use of
the atomic bomb to bring about a
quick end to the war? Explain.
13. List the changes that occurred to the Canadian
forces in WWII in relation to a) women b) African
Canadians c) Aboriginals d) French Canadians.
Changes in Canadian forces:
Women were actively recruited for all branches of the armed forces
but were not allowed to serve in direct combat (still paid less than
men in the same roles).
African Canadians were now accepted into the military and were not
segregated into non-combative battalions- integrated throughout
military
Aboriginal Canadians had to have the permission of the Department
of Indian Affairs in order to enlist. They were also required to give
up their status as Aboriginals. 3000+ chose to sacrifice their status to
fight.
French Canadians enlisted in greater number. 19% of the military.
14. What 4 economic policies did the
Canadian government implement in
order to avoid runaway inflation
4 economic policies:
a) Wage and price controls
b) Rationing
c) Increased taxation
d) Policies to finance war
without massive
borrowing from other
nations
Ration cards
15. How did women benefit from
economic changes during
the war?
Women benefitted from economic
changes during the war:
a) Secured jobs in traditionally
male dominated occupationsearned twice that of women in
traditionally female jobs
b) Minority women now had
opportunities to work in
factories alongside Caucasian
women.
Factory, logging and shipyard
Workers
16. Explain in some detail how PM MacKenzie- King
handles the conscription crisis in WWII.
Prime Minister Mackenzie King and Conscription
a) 1940- National Resources Mobilization Act
(single men 18-45 register for home defense)
b) 1942 Referendum to release government form
promise of conscription if necessary
c) Asked for voluntary enlistments
d) 1944 mobilized Zombies and sent 13,000
overseas. 2500 reached battlefields.
Mackenzie- King’s Platform
“ Conscription if necessary, not necessarily
conscription.”
17. Consider the situation for Japanese Canadians during WWII:
When where and why were they put into camps? What did they lose
beside their freedom? What happened in 1988? Do you think the
government’s response (in 1988) was appropriate? Why or why
not?
Japanese Canadians:
The War Measures Act was again invoked
After Pearl Harbor the Japanese became the primary
target (blatant prejudice)
22,000 Japanese Canadians were displaced from their
homes and moved to internment camps/ labor camps in
the BC interior
Lost all possessions, homes, businesses, land.
Government reneged on promise to return these
possessions
1988- apology from government and $21, 000 for each
surviving internee
Japanese Internment
18. How did Canada deal with European Jews fleeing the
Nazis before and during the war?
Canada’s response (or lack thereof) to
European Jews:
a) Denied the entry request for 10,000 Jews
to immigrate to Canada in 1938
b) Refused the refugee ship St. Louis safe
harbor in 1939
c) Only admitted 5000 between 1939-1945
(one of the worst records worldwide)
19. What happened in 1947 to improve Canada’s nation
status?
In 1947 Canada's nation status improved
when the country secured a seat as an
independent nation at the United Nations
It became the first Commonwealth Nation
to define it’s citizens as Canadians first and
British second
20. After 1945 what did the government do to ensure the
prosperity created during wartime?
After 1945 to ensure continued the
prosperity of wartime Canadians enjoyed
new social programs such as:
a) Unemployment Insurance (now called EI)
b) Pensions
c) Family Allowance Benefits
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