fixed interval reinforcement
Answer : provides reinforcement on a fixed time schedule
fixed ratio reinforcement
Answer : provides reinforcement after a fixed number of behaviors
hierarchy of needs theory
Answer : Abraham Maslows hierarchy that assumes human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance
human relations approach
Answer : an approach to motivation that suggests that favorable employee attitudes result in motivation to work hard
human resource approach
Answer : an approach to motivation that assumes employees want and are able to make genuine contributions to the organization
hygiene factors
Answer : factors that are extrinsic to the work itself and include factors such as pay and job security
learning
Answer : a relatively permanent change in behavior or behavioral potential resulting from direct or indirect experience
motivation factors
Answer : factors that are intrinsic to the work itself and include achievement and recognition
need for achievement
Answer : the desire to accomplish a task or goal more effectively than in the past
need for affiliation
Answer : the need for human companionship
need for power
Answer : the desire to control the resources in ones' environment
need based theories of motivation
Answer : theories that assume that need deficiencies cause behavior
organizational behavior modificaiton OB mod
Answer : the application of reinforcement theory to people in organizational settings
outcome
Answer : anything that results from performing a particular behavior
performance to outcome expectancy
Answer : an individuals perception of the probability that performance will lead to certain outcomes
positive reinforcement
Answer : a reward or other desireable consequence that a persona receives after exhibiting behavior
process based perspectives on motivaiton
Answer : perspectives that focus on how people behave in thier efforts to satisfy thier needs
punishment
Answer : an unpleasant or aversive consequence that results from behavior
reinforcement
Answer : consequence of behavior
reinforcement thoery
Answer : theory based on the idea that behavior is a function of its consequences
schedules of reinforcement
Answer : schedules that indicate when or how often managers should reinforce certain behaviors
scientific management
Answer : one of the first approaches to management focused on the efficiency of individual workers and assumed that employees ar
emotivated by money
social learning
Answer : occurs when people observe the behaviors of others recognize their consequences and alter their own behavior as a result
valence
Answer : the degree of attractiveness or unattractiveness a particular outcome has for a person
variable interval reinforcement
Answer : varies the amount of time between reinforcements
variable ratio reinforcement
Answer : varies the number of behaviors between reinforcements
empowerment
Answer : the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals make decisions and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility
and authority
job characteristics approach
Answer : identifies five motivational properties of tasks and three psychological states of people
job design
Answer : how organizations define and structure jobs
job enlargement
Answer : involves giving workers more tasks to perform
job enrichment
Answer : entails giving workers more tasks to perform and more control over how to perform them
job specialization
Answer : as advocated by scientific management it can help improve efficiency but it can also promote monotony and boredom
participation
Answer : the process of giving employees a voice in making decisions about thier own work
goal acceptance
Answer : the extent t which a person accepts a goal as his or her own
goal commitment
Answer : the extent to which a person is personally interested in reaching a goal
goal specificity
Answer : the clarity and precision of a goal
indirect compensation - benefits
Answer : refers to nonwage or salary compensation such as paid time off and insurance coverage
MBO - management by objectives
Answer : a collaborative goal setting process through which organizational goals cascade down throughout the organization
performance management system PMS
Answer : comprises the processes and activities involved in performance appraisals
performance measurement Answer : the process by which someone evaluates an employees work behaviors by measurement and comparison with previously
established standards
perquisites
Answer : special privileges awarded to selected members of an organization usually top managers
self efficacy
Answer : the extent to which people believe they can accomplish their goals even if they failed to do so in the past
surface value
Answer : the objective meaning or worth a reward has to an employee
symbolic value
Answer : the subjective and personal meaning or worth a reward has to an employee
all channel network
Answer : in this type of network all members communicate with all other members
accomodation
Answer : occurs when the parties goals are compatible and the interaction between groups is relatively unimportant to the goals attainment
chain network
Answer : in this type of network each member communicates with the person above and below except for the individuals on each end who
each communicate with only one person
affinity group
Answer : collections of employees from the same level in the organization who meet on a regular basis to share information capture
emerging opportunities and solve problems
channel noise
Answer : a disturbance in communication that is primarily a function of a medium
avoidance - negative reinforcement
Answer : the opportunity to avoid or escape from an unpleasant circumstance after exhibiting behavior
circle network
Answer : in this type of network -each member communicates with the people on both sides but with no one else
collaboration
Answer : occurs when the interaction between groups is very important to goal attainment and the goals are compatible
communication fidelity
Answer : the degree of correspondence between the message intended by the source and themessage understood by the receiver
command group
Answer : a relatevely permanent formal group with functional reporting relationships usually included in the organization chart
cosmopolite
Answer : an individual who inks the organization to the external environment and may also be an opinion leader in the group
communication and decision making
Answer : the stage of group development where members discuss their feelings more openly and agree on group goals and individual roles
in the group
decoding
Answer : the process by which the reciever of themessage interprets its meaning
competition
Answer : occurs when the goals are incompatible and the interactions between groups are important to meeting goals
encoding
Answer : the process by which the message is translated from an idea or thought into transmittable symbols
gatekeeper
Answer : an individual who has a strategic position in the network that allows him or her to control information moving in either direction
through a channel
isolate
Answer : an individual who tends to work alone and to interact and communicate little with othes
isolated dyad
Answer : two people who tend to work alone and to interact and communicate little with others
conflict stimulation
Answer : the creation and constructive use of conflict by a manager
jargon
Answer : the specialized or technical language of a trade profession or social group
control and organization
Answer : the stage of group development when the group is mature members work together and are flexible adaptive and self correcting
friendship group
Answer : a group that is relatively permanent and informal and draws its benefits from the social relationships among its members
medium
Answer : the channel or path through which the message is transmitted
goal compatibility
Answer : the extent to which the goals of more than one person or group can be achieved at the same time
semantics
Answer : the study of language forms
source
Answer : the individual group or organization interested in communicating something to another party
group composition
Answer : the degree of similarity or difference among group members on factors important to the groups work
group performance factors
Answer : factors that affect the success of the group in fulfilling its goals including composition size norms and cohesiveness
verification
Answer : the final stage of the creative process in which the truthfulness of the insight is determined
interest group
Answer : a group that is relatively temporary and informal and is organized around a common activity or interest of its members
wheel network
Answer : in this type of network information flows between the person at the end of each sopke and the person in the middle
linking role
Answer : a position for a person or group that serves to coordinate the activities of two or more organizational groups
mutual acceptance group
Answer : the stage of group development that is characterized by members sharing information about themselves and getting to know each
other
norm
Answer : a standard against which the appropriateness of a behavior is judged
management teams
Answer : consist of manages from various areas they coordinate work teams
problem solving teams
Answer : temporary teams established to attack specific problems in the workpplace
job centered leader behavior
Answer : behavior that involves paying close attention to the work of subordinates explaining work procedures and demonstrating a strong
interest in performance
product development teams
Answer : combinations of work teams and problem solving teams that create new designs for products or services that will satisfy customers
needs
ohio state leaderships studies
Answer : these studies defined leader consideration and initating structure behaviors as independent dimensions of leadership
quality circles
Answer : small groups of employees from the same work area who regularly meet to discuss and recommend solutions to workplace
problems
employee centered leader behavior
Answer : behavior that involves attempting to build effective work groups with high performance goals
work teams
Answer : include all the people working in an area are relatively permanent and do the daily work making decisions regarding how the work
of the team is done
hersey and blanchard model
Answer : model that identifies different combinations of leadership presumed to work best with different levels of organizational maturity on
the part of followers
least preferred coworker - LPC scale
Answer : scale that presumes to measure a leader's motivation
vroom's decision tree approach to leadership
Answer : this model attempts to prescribe how much participation subordinates should be allowed in making decisions
impression management
Answer : a direct and intentional effort by someone to enhance his or her own image in the eyes of others
consideration behavior
Answer : behavior that involves being concerned with subordinates feelings and respecting subordinates ideas
Path goal theory of leadership
Answer : theory that suggests that effective leaders clarify the paths - behaviors- that will lead to desired rewards - goals
influence
Answer : the ability to affect the perceptions attitudes or behaviors of others
LPC theory of leadership
Answer : theory that suggests that a leaders effectiveness depends on the situation
leadership substitutes
Answer : individual task and organizational characteristics that tend to outweigh the leaders ability to affect subordinates satisfaction and
performance
trait approach
Answer : an approach that attempted to identify stable and enduring character traits that differentiated effective leaders from non leaders
initiating structure behavior
Answer : behavior that involves clearly defining the leader subordinate roles so that subordinates know what is expected of them
organizational politics
Answer : activities carried out by people to acquire enhance and use power and other resources to obtain thier desired outcomes
personal power
Answer : resides in the person regardless of the position he or she fills
michigan leadership studies
Answer : these studies defined job centered and employee centered leadership as opposite ends of a single leadership continuum
superleadership
Answer : occurs when a leader gradually and purposefully turns over power responsibility and control to a sel managing work group
transformational leadership
Answer : the set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change to create a vision to guide that change and to execute
that change effectively
incremental innovation
Answer : continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of radical and systems innovations
acceptance theory of authority
Answer : the theory that the managers authority depends on the subordianates acceptance of the managers right to give directives and to
expect compliance with them
behavioral approach
Answer : approach to leadership that tries to identify behaviors that differentiate effective leaders from nonleaders uses rules of thumb
suboptimizing and satisficing in making decisions
change agent
Answer : a person responsible for managing a change effort
Cognitive style is determined by
Answer : how people gather and evaluate information
Groupthink is
Answer : likely to occur when the group values getting along more than getting things done
Experts predict that the predominant style of organization in the future will be
Answer : skills-oriented
The 4I framework of a learning organization consists of intuiting, interpreting, integrating, and
Answer : institutionalization
Which of the following is the foundation of all organization cultures?
Answer : History of the company and its founders
What triggers the fight or flight response?
Answer : Stress
Process consultants wil
Answer : guide and coach on workflow, informal relationships, and communication
Which type of firm is likely to use a territorial departmentalization structure?
Answer : Large service firm
The Delphi technique is best suited for
Answer : decision making for groups that are difficult to bring physically together
What is cognitive dissonance?
Answer : When attitudes or beliefs held by a person are contradictory
A team member in the role of process observer contributes by
Answer : helping the group look at how it's functioning
According to attribution theory,
Answer : information on causation is gathered on three dimensions of behavior
Which of the following is a frequently used research method for organizational behavior?
Answer : Interviews
Which of the following accurately describes social loafing?
Answer : It is also known as freeloading.
According to Myers-Briggs typology, a sensation-type individual is best described as someone who
Answer : prefers routine and order when gathering information
Problem recognition, immersion, incubation, insight, and verification describe what organizational
process?
Answer : Creative decision making
Individual styles are likely to come into conflict during which stage of group development?
Answer : Storming
All of the following are ways to become a learning organization EXCEPT
Answer : focus development efforts on senior management
Which of the following is the most effective technique for preventing and reducing stress?
Answer : Power napping
Max Webber Answer : classical organization theory was concerned with structuring organizations effectively
Max Webber
Answer : proposed the development of what he called the bureaucratic form of organization structure
individual processes
Answer : include individual differences -attitudes personalities perception attribution, employee motivation
learning reinforcement and work stress
informal learning
Answer : is learning by imitation. normally on a uncounscious level where the learner picks up the skills
by another employee who masters the skill
formal learning
Answer : learning by means of rewards and punishments such as incentives bonuses or reprimands and
punishment
technical learning
Answer : is based on conscious learning where a consciously learning method has been chosen
cyclic process
Answer : where the employee is doing - then reflecting then thinking then deciding and this process
continues with re-doing
planning
Answer : is the process of determining the organizations desired future position and deciding how best to
get there
organizing
Answer : the process of designing jobs grupong jobs into manageable units and establishing patterns of
authority amoung jobs and groups
leading
Answer : is the process of motivating members of the organization to work together toward the
organizations goals
controlling
Answer : is the process of monitoring and correcting the actions of the organization and its people to keep
them headed toward their goals
Mintzberg, Henry
Answer : defined basic managerial roles such as interpersonal roles - informational roles critical
managerial skills
interpersonal roles
Answer : figurehead role - leader role - liasion role - are involved primarily with interactions with other
people
informational roles
Answer : involve some aspect of information processng - monitor - disseminator - spokesperson decision
making entrepreneur - disturbance handler resource allocator negotiater role
The four management functions include all of the following EXCEPT _____.
Answer : staffing
_____ studies behavior as it relates to concerns such as absenteeism, turnover, productivity, and
performance.
Answer : organizational behavior
According to the text, the best approach for obtaining knowledge about human behavior is_____.
Answer : a systematic approach
What behavioral science discipline has made the MOST significant contributions to understanding
individual behavior?
Answer : Psychology
_____ has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between
people in different countries.
Answer : Anthropology
____ means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and
ethnicity.
Answer : Workforce diversity
The _____ assumption assumes that people who are different will want to assimilate.
Answer : melting-pot
Which of the following groups will NOT increase as a percentage of the workforce?
Answer : white males
A(n) _____is a situation in which an employee must define right and wrong conduct.
Answer : ethical dilemma
Individual level independent variables include _____.
Answer : perception
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of physical ability?
Answer : Looks
According to your text, which is the most likely explanation for the higher absentee rate for women?
Answer : Traditionally, women have had the responsibility of caring for home and family.
_____ is the learning concept of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the desired new
behavior.
Answer : Shaping
An example of _____ is when an employee receives a one-week suspension from work and is fined $200
for stealing company property.
Answer : punishment
Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining an unwanted behavior is called _____.
Answer : extinction
All of the following are TRUE about both positive and negative reinforcement EXCEPT:
Answer : Both positive and negative reinforcement tend to weaken behavior and decrease it subsequent
frequency.
A slot machine is an example of _____ reinforcement.
Answer : intermittent
For a salesperson who is paid commission, reinforcement occurs on a _____ schedule.
Answer : variable-ratio
The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting is referred to as _____.
Answer : behavior modification
The belief that "discrimination is wrong" is a value statement. Such an opinion is the _____ component of
an attitude.
Answer : cognitive
Leon Festinger would propose that the desire to reduce dissonance would be determined by all of the
following EXCEPT _____.
Answer : the extent to which attitudes are widely held by society.
If attitudes and behavior are inconsistent, individuals will most likely _____
Answer : change either their attitudes or behavior
_____ describes a positive feeling about your job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.
Answer : satisfaction
Job _____ measures the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her job and
considers his or her perceived performance level important to self-worth.
Answer : involvement
_____ commitment refers to an employee's obligation to remain with an organization for moral or ethical
reasons.
Answer : Normative
_____ refers to an individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work she does.
Answer : Employee engagement
Steve is unhappy with his job. He takes every possible vacation and sick day and sometimes shows up
for work late. He is expressing his dissatisfaction with a _____ response.
Answer : neglect
People with positive _____ believe in their inner worth and basic competence.
Answer : Core self-evaluations
Quietly continuing to do your work, even though you're dissatisfied, is an example of _____ response to
dissatisfaction.
Answer : loyalty
According to the Myers-Briggs type Indicator, people who are classified as _____ are conceptualizers.
Answer : ENTPs
In the book Profiles of Genius, thirteen key executives were interviewed and tested and all were found to
be _____ types. This result is particularly interesting because this type represents only about five percent
of the population.
Answer : intuitive thinking
Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?
Answer : Agreeableness
Individuals with a positive _____ like themselves, see themselves as effective, capable, and in control of
their environment.
Answer : core self-evaluations
Individuals who are high in the _____ dimension of personality manipulate more, win more, are
persuaded less, and persuade others more.
Answer : Machiavellianism
According to Rokeach, _____ values refer to desirable end-states of existence.
Answer : terminal
Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture?
Answer : language proficiency
_____ is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations.
Answer : Uncertainty avoidance
John Holland argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest where _____.
Answer : personality and occupation are in agreement
personality and occupation are in agreement
Answer : Perception
Which one of the following is NOT a factor that influences perception?
Answer : Medium
Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we engage in _____.
Answer : selective perception
The internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II is an example of _____.
Answer : profiling
Which is NOT one of the steps in the rational decision making model?
Answer : Selecting the decision that satisfices
Decision makers operate within the confines of _____ i.e., they construct simplified models that extract
the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity.
Answer : bounded rationality
_____ is an increased commitment to a previous decision in spite of negative information.
Answer : Escalation of commitment
In spite of the fact that short-term stock price changes are essentially random, a large proportion of
investors believe that they can predict the direction that prices will move. This is an example of _____.
Answer : randomness error
Which of the following is NOT an organizational constraint on decision-making?
Answer : Personality
Decisions made so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number are based on _____.
Answer : utilitarianism
Which of the following is NOT a key element in motivation?
Answer : Environment
_____ is the drive to become what one is capable of becoming in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Answer : Self-actualization
Which of the following were considered higher-order needs by Maslow?
Answer : social, esteem, and self-actualization needs
A Theory X manager would assume employees would _____.
Answer : need to be controlled
Two-factor theory suggests that extrinsic factors such as _____ cause dissatisfaction.
Answer : working conditions
Individuals with a high need to achieve prefer all of the following EXCEPT _____
Answer : a high degree of risk
According to the goal-setting theory of motivation, goals should be _____.
Answer : difficult but attainable
Manager's can increase an employee's _____ through enactive mastery, vicarious modeling, verbal
persuasion, and arousal.
Answer : self-efficacy
_____ exists when an individual perceives that the ratio of their inputs to outcomes is dissimilar to the
ration of relevant others.
Answer : Equity tension
The degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs and the
attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual is the ____ relationship.
Answer : Rewards-personal goals
The _____ says that internal rewards are obtained by individuals when they learn that they personally
have performed well on a task that they care about.
Answer : job characteristics model
____ (or cross-training) is the periodic shifting of an employee from one task to another.
Answer : Job rotation
_____ may be implemented by combining tasks, forming natural work units, establishing client
relationships, expanding jobs vertically, and opening feedback channels.
Answer : Job enrichment
Susan works from 6 a.m. to 3 p.m. each day, while other employees in her office work from 10 a.m. to 7
p.m. It appears that Susan's employer offers a _____ option.
Answer : flextime
Writers, attorneys, analysts, and employees who spend the majority of their time on computers or on the
telephone are natural candidates for _____.
Answer : telecommuting
_____ is a participative process that uses the entire capacity of employees and is designed to encourage
increased commitment to the organization's success.
Answer : Employee involvement
A _____ is a group of employees and supervisors who meet regularly to discuss their quality problems
and recommend solutions.
Answer : quality circle
Piece-rate plans, merit based pay, bonuses, profit sharing, gainsharing, and employee stock ownership
plans are all forms of _____ programs.
Answer : variable-pay
_____ is an incentive plan where improvements in group productivity determine the total amount of
money that is allocated.
Answer : Gainsharing
The three most popular types of _____ are modular plans, core-plus options, and flexible spending
accounts.
Answer : flexible benefits
_____ is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience.
Answer : Affect
Six universal _____ are anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise.
Answer : emotions
_____ is a field of study that examines the extent to which emotions, whether positive or negative, serve
a purpose.
Answer : Evolutionary psychology
_____ is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end, and
relaxation, tranquility, and poise on the low end.
Answer : Negative affect
_____ occurs when people associate two events, when there is no real connection.
Answer : Illusory correlation
_____ refers to an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal
transactions at work.
Answer : Emotional labor
Jane is concerned that her company is selling products of very poor quality. However, when meeting with
customers, Jane feels obligated to be positive and express confidence about the quality of the product.
Jane is likely experiencing _____.
Answer : emotional dissonance
People who exhibit _____ know their own emotions and are good at reading others' emotions may be
more effective in their jobs
Answer : emotional intelligence
_____, one of the dimensions of emotional intelligence, is awareness of one's feelings.
Answer : Self-awareness
People in good moods use _____, or rules of thumb, to make decisions.
Answer : heuristics
The _____ stage in group development which is characterized by uncertainty.
Answer : forming
The _____ model is effective at describing decision-making within temporary groups, particularly those
with deadlines.
Answer : punctuated-equilibrium
____ groups are defined by the organization's structure.
Answer : Formal
_____ refers to the attitudes and behaviors that are consistent with a role
Answer : Role identity
_____ describe how others believe you should act in a given situation.
Answer : Role expectations
Which is NOT a common class of norms appearing in most work groups?
Answer : Termination
What is the relationship between size and group performance?
Answer : Increases in group size are inversely related to individual performance.
Which is NOT a weakness of group decision-making?
Answer : Groups offer increased diversity of views.
Which of the following best describes brainstorming?
Answer : A process for generating ideas.
Which of the following does NOT explain the current popularity of teams?
Answer : Teams enable organizations to better utilize employee talents.
_____ is an attribute of work teams which results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of
the individual inputs.
Answer : Synergy
_____ teams go farther than problem-solving teams in getting employees involved in work-related
decisions and processes.
Answer : Self-managed
Which is NOT one of the three primary factors that differentiate virtual teams from face-to-face teams?
Answer : Increased social rapport
Which of the following is NOT one of the key factors in creating effective teams?
Answer : demographics
Which of the following statements is true concerning the climate of trust?
Answer : Interpersonal trust among team members reduces the need to monitor each others behavior.
Teams are most effective when staffed with people who are _____.
Answer : Organizational demographics
_____ illustrates a process loss as a result of using teams.
Answer : Social loafing
The _____ initiates a message by encoding a thought.
Answer : sender
The chief means of conveying messages is _____ communication.
Answer : oral
The _____ communication network is best illustrated by an unstructured committee.
Answer : all-channel
Grapevine studies have shown that ____ percent of employees hear about matters first through rumors
on the grapevine.
Answer : 75
Electronic communication includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Answer : telephone calls.
_____ refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.
Answer : Channel richness
Jake tells his boss only what he believes the boss wants to hear. He is engaging in _____.
Answer : filtering
Which of the following is NOT a barrier to effective communication?
Answer : Channel richness
Tannen's research indicates that men use talk to ___, while women use it to _____.
Answer : emphasize status; create connection
In _____ cultures, the words themselves are the primary conveyors of meaning.
Answer : low-context
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Answer : All managers are not leaders.
_____ theory states that people are born with certain characteristics that predispose them to being
leaders.
Answer : Trait
When organized around the Big Five, _____ is the most important trait of effective leaders.
Answer : extraversion
_____ is the extent to which a person is likely to have job relationships that are characterized by mutual
trust, respect for employees' ideas, and regard for their feelings.
Answer : consideration
Fiedler's contingency model assumes that an individual's leadership style is _____.
Answer : fixed
Hersey and Blanchard's situational leadership theory differs from other leadership theories most clearly
because it _____.
Answer : focuses on the followers
According to LMX theory, which of the following is NOT true of those individual's who fall into the outgroup?
Answer : They are trusted.
A _____ leadership style, identified by House in path-goal theory, leads to greater satisfaction when tasks
are ambiguous or stressful than when they are highly structured and well laid out.
Answer : directive
The leader-participation model was developed by _____.
Answer : Vroom and Yetton
Leaders demonstrate _____ when they use language to influence followers' perceptions of the world, the
meaning of events, beliefs about causes and consequences, and visions of the future.
Answer : framing
Which of the following is NOT true of charismatic leaders?
Answer : They are focused on their personal needs.
A charismatic leader's _____ is key to follower acceptance.
Answer : vision
A _____ leader has five essential qualities: (1) individual capability; (2) team skills; (3) managerial
competence; (4) the ability to stimulate others to high performance; and (5) a blend of personal humility
and professional will.
Answer : level-5
_._____ leaders know who they are, know that they believe in and value, and act on those values and
beliefs openly and candidly.
Answer : Authentic
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of trust?
Answer : Distance
A ______ is a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less-experienced employee.
Answer : mentor
Which of the following is true concerning online leadership?
Answer : Effective on-line leaders need to develop the skill of deciphering the emotional components of
messages.
Which of the following is NOT a substitute for leadership?
Answer : Professional orientation of employees
____ research emphasizes style; whereas research on ____ focuses on tactics for gaining compliance.
Answer : Leadership; power
A has ____ power over B if A can dismiss, suspend, or demote B, assuming that B values his or her job.
Answer : Coercive
Avoidance of ______ is why most organizations develop multiple suppliers rather than give their business
to only one.
Answer : dependency
_____ is the only power tactic that is effective across organizational levels.
Answer : _____ is the only power tactic that is effective across organizational levels.
Most studies confirm that the concept of _____ is central to understanding sexual harassment.
Answer : Power
______ occurs when people within organizations use whatever influence they can to taint the facts to
support their goals and interests.
Answer : Politicking
Which of the following is NOT an individual factor related to political behavior?
Answer : Level of trust
_____ is the process by which individuals attempt to control the impressions others form of them.
Answer : Impression management
_____ are more likely to engage in impression management, molding their image to fit the situation.
Answer : High self-monitors
Each of the following is a question your text suggests to analyze ethical questions except:
Answer : Is the action legal?
Conflict must be _____ by the parties to it.
Answer : perceived
The traditional view of conflict argues that conflict _____.
Answer : indicates a malfunctioning within the group
The _____ view of conflict argues that some conflict is absolutely necessary for a group to
perform effectively.
Answer : interactionist
_______ conflicts are almost always dysfunctional.
Answer : Relationship
During the _____ stage of the conflict process, conditions are present that create opportunities for
conflict to arise.
Answer : potential opposition or incompatibility
Assertiveness is _____.
Answer : the degree to which one party attempts to satisfy his/her own concerns
Labor-management negotiations over wages exemplifies _____ bargaining.
Answer : distributive
_____ bargaining builds long-term relationships and facilitates working together in the future.
Answer : Integrative
During which phase of the negotiation process do the parties exchange their initial proposals or
demands?
Answer : Definition of ground rules
Which of the following is correc
Answer : In negotiations, Brazilians are likely to use physical contact.
Work specialization is also referred to as ___
Answer : division of labor
At an Alcoa aluminum tubing plant in upstate New York, production is organized into five
departments: casting; press; tubing; finishing and inspecting, packing, and shipping. This is an
example of _____ departmentalization.
Answer : process
The ____ is characterized by highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization.
Answer : bureaucracy
The ____ violates the unity-of-command concept.
Answer : matrix structure
The ____ is also called the network or modular organization.
Answer : virtual organization
The boundaryless organization relies heavily on _____.
Answer : information technology
The _____ is a structure characterized by extensive departmentalization, high formalization, a limited
information network, and centralization.
Answer : mechanistic model
Which of the following is NOT a determinant of an organization's structure?
Answer : Industry
Changes in corporate strategy precede and lead to _____.
Answer : changes in an organization's structure
Which of the following generalizations about organizational structures and employee performance and
satisfaction is MOST true?
Answer : There is no evidence that supports a relationship between span of control and employee
performance.
Institutionalization is the process through which _____.
Answer : an organization takes on a life of its own
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of organizational culture?
Answer : Formalization
A strong culture builds all of the following EXCEPT ____.
Answer : quality
Culture is most likely to be a liability when _____.
Answer : the environment is dynamic
Which of the following is NOT a way that culture is created?
Answer : Founders poll early employees to determine the appropriate cultural values.
All of the following serve to sustain a culture EXCEPT _____.
Answer : formalization
_____ is the process that adapts employees to the organization's culture.
Answer : Socialization
Which of the following is NOT a common form by which culture is transmitted to employees?
Answer : Selection
Which of the following is NOT identified that managers can create a more ethical culture?
Answer : Set aggressive performance goals.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a spiritual organization?
Answer : Censorship of employee expression
The objective of effective _____ is to match individual characteristics such as ability and experience, with
the requirements of the job.
Answer : selection
_____ tests assess the applicant's ability in an authentic situation.
Answer : Performance simulation
Which of the following was NOT specifically suggested by your author as a general category of employee
skills?
Answer : Financial
_____ skills training includes learning how to be a better listener and how to be a more effective team
player.
Answer : Interpersonal
____ training includes job rotation, apprenticeships, understudy assignments, and formal mentoring
programs.
Answer : On-the-job
Performance evaluation serves a number of purposes, including determining who gets merit increases
and other rewards. This is an example of which of the following functions of performance evaluation?
Answer : Basis for reward allocations
_____ evaluation provides performance feedback from the full circle of daily contacts that an employee
might have.
Answer : 360-degree
John's performance evaluation rates him on a scale of 1 to 5 for characteristics such as job knowledge
and cooperation. John's company is using a _____ performance evaluation system.
Answer : graphic rating scale
Even the most prestigious of schools has experienced grade inflation. In 1970, the average GPA of
students at Princeton was _____, while it was _____ in 2000.
Answer : 2.99, 3.40
Flextime, job sharing, and part-time work are examples of _____ for managing work-life conflicts.
Answer : time-based strategies
_____ are responsible for initiating and managing change within an organization.
Answer : Change agents
Stan is trying to implement a new organizational structure at his company. A group of key employees is
resisting the change. In an attempt to "buy off" the leaders, Stan is giving them a key role in the change
decision. He doesn't really value their opinion, but wants their endorsement. Stan is using the change
strategy of _____.
Answer : cooptation
Refreezing involves _____
Answer : making a new change permanent
John Kotter's _____ for implementing change builds on Lewin's three-step model.
Answer : 8-step plan
What of the following best describe action research?
Answer : a change process based on the systematic collection of data and then selection of a change
action based on what the analyzed data indicate
_____ is a paradigm that values human and organizational growth, collaborative processes, and a spirit
of inquiry.
Answer : Organizational development
_____ uses high-interaction group activities to increase trust and openness among team members.
Answer : Team building
____ seeks to identify the unique qualities and special strengths of an organization and build on these to
improve performance.
Answer : Appreciative inquiry
When errors are detected in _____, the correction process relies on past routines and present policies.
Answer : single-loop learning
According to Kolb's Learning Style Type, which of the following describes the convergent learning style?
Answer : Abstract conceptualization, active experimentation, problem-solving
According to the garbage can model of decision making, the four factors that need to connect to make a
decision are problems, participants, solutions, and
Answer : choice opportunities
Which of the following is true about stress?
Answer : Employees with external locus of control perceive situations to be more stressful than
employees with internal locus of control.
classical organization theory
Answer : an early approach to management that focused on how organizations can be structured most
effectively to meet thier goals
conceptual skills
Answer : skills used to think in the abstract
controlling
Answer : is the process of monitoring and correcting the actions of the organziation and its members to
keep them directed toward their goals
decision making roles
Answer : key roles include the entrepreneur, the disturbance handler the resource allocator and the
negotiator
diagnostic skills
Answer : skills used to understand cause and effect relationships and to recognize the optimal solutions
to problems
ethics
Answer : an individuals personal beliefs about what is right and wrong or good and bad
Hawthorne Studies
Answer : conducted between 1927 and 1932 led to some of the first discoveries of the importance of
huma behavior in organizations
human relations movement
Answer : the beginning of organizational behavior was based on the assumption that employee
satisfaction is a key determinant of performance
informational roles
Answer : key roles include the monitor the disseminator and the spokesperson
interpersonal roles
Answer : key roles include the figurehead the leader and the liasion
interpersonal skills
Answer : skills used to communicate with understand and motivate individuals and groups
leading
Answer : is the process of getting the organizations members to work together toward achieving the
organizations goals
organization behavior
Answer : the study of human behavior in organizational settings of the interface between human behavior
and the organization, and the organization itself
organizing
Answer : is the process of designing jobs grouping jobs into units and establishing patterns of authority
between job and units
planning
Answer : is the process of determining an organizations desired future position and the best means of
getting there
rightsizing
Answer : the process of optimizing the size of an organizations workforce through downsizing expanding
and or outsourcing
scientific management
Answer : one of the first approaches to management focused on the efficiency of individual workers and
assumed that employees are motiviated by money
situational perspective
Answer : theory that suggests that in most organizations situations and outcomes are contingent on or
influcence by other variables
social responsibility
Answer : an organizations obligation to protect and contribute to the social environment in which it
functions
technical skills
Answer : the skills necessary to accomplish specific tasks within the organization
theory X
Answer : described by Douglas McGregor is an approach to management that takes a negative and
pessimistic view of workers
theory Y
Answer : described by Douglas McGregor is an approach to management that takes a positive and
optimistic perspective on workers
assimilation
Answer : the process through which memb ers of a minority group are forced to learn the ways of the
dominant group
collectivism
Answer : the extent to which people emphasize the good of the group or society
individualism
Answer : the extent to which people place primary value on themselves
long term orientation
Answer : people who focus on the future
masculinity assertiveness or materialism
Answer : the extent to which the dominatnt values in a society emphasize aggressiveness and the
acquisition of money and material goods over concern for people relationships among people and the
overall quality of life
pluralistic organization
Answer : an organization that has diverse membership and takes steps to fully involve all people who
differ from the dominant group
power distance
Answer : the extent to which less powerful persons accept the unequal distribution of power
primary dimensions of diversity
Answer : factors that are either inborn or exert extraordinary influcene on early socialization age ethnicity
gender physical abilities race and sexual orientation
short term orientation
Answer : people with focus on the past or present
stereotypes
Answer : judgements about others that reinforce beliefs about superiority and inferiority
uncertainty avoidance
Answer : the extent to which people prefer to be in unambiguous sitatuions
valuing diversity
Answer : the act of putting an end to the assumption that everyone who is not a member of the dominant
group must assimilate
aggreeableness
Answer : a person's ability to get along with others
attitudes
Answer : a persons complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas situations or other people
authoritariansism
Answer : the belief that power and status differences are appropriate within hierarchical social systems
such as organizations
big five personality traits
Answer : a set of fundamental traits that are especially relevant to organizations
burnout
Answer : a sense of exhaustion that develops when someone experiences too much stress for an
extended period of time
cognitive dissonance
Answer : the anxiety a person experiences when he or she siimultanously possesses two sets of
knowledge or perceptions that are contradictory or incongruent
conscientiousness
Answer : the number of goals on which a person focuses
contributions
Answer : what the individual's contributes to an organization including effort skills ability time and loyalty
creativity
Answer : the ability to generate new ideas or to conceive of new perspectives on existing ideas
dysfunctional behaviors
Answer : work related behaviors that detract from organizational performance
emotional intelligence - EQ
Answer : the extent to which people are self aware can manage thier emotions can motivate themselves
express empathy for others and possess social skills
extraversion
Answer : the quality of being comfortable with relationships the opposite extreme introversion is
characterized by more social discomfort
general adaption syndrome GAS
Answer : a cycle through which stress occurs alarm resistance and exhaustion
incubaiton
Answer : the stage of less intense conscious concentration during which a creative person lets the
knowledge and ideas acquired during preparation mature and develop
individual differences
Answer : personal attributes that vary from one person to another
inducements
Answer : the tangible and intangible rewards provided by organizations to individuals
insight
Answer : the stage in the creative process when all the scattered thoughts and ideas that were maturing
during incubation come together to produce a breakthrough
job satisfaction
Answer : the extent to which aperson is gratified or fulfilled by his or her work
locus of control
Answer : the extent to which people believe their circumstances are a function of their own actions versus
external factors beyond their control
machiavellianism
Answer : a behavior which causes people to behave to gain power and to control the behavior of others
negative affectivity
Answer : people who are generally downbeat and pessimistic see things in a negative way, and seem to
be in a bad mood
negative emotionality
Answer : characterized by moodiness and insecurity
openness
Answer : the capacity to entertain new ideas and to change as a result of new information
organizational citizenship
Answer : the extent to which a person's behavior makes a positive overall contribution to the organization
organizational commitment
Answer : a persona identification with and attachment to an organization
perception
Answer : the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about
the environment
performance behaviors
Answer : the total set of work related behaviors that the organization expects the individual to display
personality
Answer : the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one persona from another
person job fit
Answer : the extent to which the individuals contributions match the inducements offered by the
organization
positive affectivity
Answer : people who are upbeat and optimistic have an overall sence of well being and see things in a
positvie light
preparation
Answer : usually the first tage in the creative process includes education and formal training
psychological contract
Answer : a person's set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to the organization and
wht the organization will provide in return
risk propenjsity
Answer : the degree to which a person is willing to take chances and make risky decisions
selective perception
Answer : the process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradicts oru
beliefs
self efficacy
Answer : the extent to which people believe they can accomplish their goals even if they failed to do so in
the past
self esteem
Answer : the extent to which a person believes he or she is a worthwhile and deserving individual
stereotyping
Answer : the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute
stess
Answer : an individuals response to a strong stimulus
stressor
Answer : a strong stimulus that results in stress
turnover
Answer : occurs when people quit their jobs
type a individuals
Answer : people who are extremely competitive highly committed to work and have a strong sense of time
urgency
type b individuals
Answer : people who are less competitive less committed to work and have a weaker sense of urgency
verification
Answer : the final stage of the creative process in which the validity or turthfulness of the insight is
determined
workplace behavior
Answer : a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences
organizational effectiveness
avoidance -negative reinforcement
Answer : the opportunity to avoid or escape from an unpleasant circumstance after exhibiting behavior
classical conditioning
Answer : a simple form of learning that links a conditioned response with an unconditioned stimulus
continuous reinforcement
Answer : behavior that is rewarded every time it occurs
dual structure theory
Answer : identifies motivation factors which affect satisfaction and hygiene factors which determine
dissatisfaction
effort to performance expectancy
Answer : a persons perception of the probability that effort will lead to performance
equity
Answer : the belief that one is being treated fairly in relation to others inequity is the belief that one is
being treated unfairly in relation to others
ERG theory
Answer : theory that describes existence relatedness and growth needs
expectancy theory
Answer : theory that suggests people are motivated by how much they want something and the liklihood
they perceive of getting it
extinction
Answer : decreases the frequency of behavior by eliminating a reward or desirable consequence that
follows that behavior
Which of the following is an element of the informal organization?
Answer : a. values
Which of the following statements is true concerning change?
Answer : Global competition is the leading force driving change at work.
Power distance is:
Answer : d. the degree to which a culture accepts unequal distribution of power.
In organizational justice, distributive justice:
Answer : a. concerns the fairness of outcomes individuals receive.
Which of the following is not a basic proposition of interactional psychology?
Answer : . A person is changed by situations, rather than changing situations.
Type theory states that introverts:
Answer : c. have excellent social skills but prefer the internal world of ideas, thoughts, and concepts.
Identify the five major barriers to social perception.
Answer : c. selective perception, stereotyping, first-impression error, projection and self-fulfilling prophecies
Cognitive dissonance is caused by a conflict between:
Answer : b. attitudes and behavior.
The correspondence between attitudes and behaviors doesn't depend on:
Answer : d. selective perception.
Which of the following individual qualities is not required in ethical decision making?
Answer : Dependence on a supervisor to always tell you what is right.
Which of the following is a level of cognitive moral development?
Answer : a. the premoral level
Herzberg's hygiene factors relate to:
Answer : . both job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction.
The manifest needs as identified by McClelland include
Answer : achievement, affiliation, and power.
In studying motivational theories, we are learning that:
Answer : c. achievement is more of a motivator for Americans than for other nationalities.
Classical conditioning is:
Answer : modifying behavior so that a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and elicits an unconditioned response.
________ results from inaccurate definition of the expected job performance.
Answer : b. Invalidity
5 A process of self-motivation and evaluations by a manager, peers, and possibly customers is known as?
Answer : b. 360 degree feedback
6 In attribution theory, a non-performing employee's internal attribution might include:
Answer : b. lack of commitment.
Silence as a response has:
Answer : b. value for the listener who needs to sort out thoughts.
3 Problem solving and decision making are often examples of
Answer : d. two-way communication.
Which of the following statements about barriers to communication is TRUE?
Answer : c. They include gender differences and language.
The most simplistic name for two or more people having common interests or objectives is a ________.
Answer : b. group
The "interpersonal glue" that helps work groups stay together is known as:
Answer : c. group cohesion.
Teams are very useful when:
Answer : b. the tasks are interrelated.
Responsibilities of a team leader, in contrast to a manager, include:
Answer : d. hands-on skills of direct involvement and full membership in the team.
Escalation of commitment:
Answer : is simply hanging on to a poor decision.
________ is a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from in-group pressures.
Answer : b. Groupthink
Which tactic is an American manager most likely to use when dealing with a tardy employee?
Answer : c. If you don't start reporting on time for work, I will have to cut your pay.
________ is the belief that one has the ability to do a job well.
Answer : b. Self-determination
The main difference between a leader and a manager is that:
Answer : leaders are advocates for change, and managers for the status quo.
On the Leadership Grid, a manager who has a medium concern for people and production is a(n):
Answer : b. organization man manager.
Which of the following ideas are associated with Fiedler's contingency theory?
Answer : Leaders are classified using an assessment tool called Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) scale.
According to the Situational Leadership model, a ________ style is characterized by high task behavior and high relationship
behavior.
Answer : d. selling
Which of the following is one of the competencies that make up emotional intelligence?
Answer : a. empathy
A dynamic follower is one who:
Answer : b. practices self-management.
________ conflict occurs when a person experiences conflict among the multiple roles in his or her life.
Answer : c. Interrole
Which of the following statements best describes our understanding of the "avoidance approach" to conflict?
Answer : d. It is all right to use this approach when issues seem trivial.
6 In order to create a conflict-positive organization, there are many interrelated steps to follow. They include which of the following?
Answer : a. Empower employees to feel confident and skillful.
Scientific management emphasized:
Answer : b. work simplification.
Which of the following job core characteristics does NOT directly relate to meeting the needs of a critical psychological state?
Answer : c. rate of pay
The mechanics approach to job design emphasizes:
Answer : c. a lower chance of mental overload.
The idea of placing human consideration at the center of job design is called:
Answer : d. anthropocentric.
The characteristics which appropriately impact the design of an organization's design processes are known as:
Answer : b. contextual variables.
In comparing the organizational design needs of the small organization and the large organization, which of the following is a
consideration for the small organization?
Answer : c. more centralization
In Perrow's study of the impact of technology on organization design, he considered all but which of the following elements?
Answer : d. The span of control in an organization as a whole.
6 There are several things that can assist a large organization to decentralize, including:
Answer : specialization of products/market/technology.
The most visible and accessible level of culture is:
Answer : c. artifacts.
Which statement is TRUE about espoused values?
Answer : . They are what members say they are.
Which one of the following is NOT one of the five major elements in a managing culture?
Answer : d. How well leaders know their employees.
Change and acquisition is:
Answer : a. when the newcomer begins to master the demands of the job.
It is the position of the authors, Nelson and Quick, that:
Answer : c. adapting, flexibility, and responsiveness are desirable hallmarks in change management.
Powerful external forces for change do not include:
Answer : d. bureaucratic guidelines.
5 Which of the following is NOT one of the steps in Lewin's change model?
Answer : a. freezing
Which of the following is true of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?
Answer : Maslow believed that humans were creative beings seeking self-actualization.
All of the following are factors that are necessary in the communication process EXCEPT
Answer : A) trust
Job rotation is used primarily to
Answer : keep employees from getting bored
Which of the following is NOT thought to be a determinant of personality?
Answer : emotional intelligence
Which of the following is considered an unethical political tactic to gain power in an organization?
Answer : Playing territorial games
Information technology
Answer : All of the following disciplines have contributed to the foundations of the field of organizational behavior EXCEPT
What do denial, stereotyping, and projection have in common?
Answer : They are all ways to deal with sensory information
The office grapevine is an example of
Answer : information communication
The following are true about making good business decisions EXCEPT
Answer : an estimated 20 percent of decisions made in organizations fail
What is considered a standard response for routine problems?
Answer : programmed decision
A manager trying to motivate an employee should
Answer : give ample feedback
A manager trying to motivate an employee should
Answer : By observing leaders and socialization
Which of the following is the least effective method of influencing others?
Answer : coalition formation
cross functional teams are
Answer : used most often for the purpose of product development
decision criteria are used to
Answer : evaluate alternatives
Who developed the situational leadership model?
Answer : Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard
What is the trend in work space design?
Answer : Creating public spaces for employees to use for various purposes
The question "To whom do you go to for information about what's going on?" is commonly asked
Answer : during a social network analysis
Employees resist change most often because of the
Answer : fear of an adverse outcome
What is a common result of information overload?
Answer : increased work stress
Which of the following is true of heuristics?
Answer : Heuristics lead to biases in judgment.
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), Bill is a thinking-type. When reviewing a vendor proposal with his boss, he
will most likely
Answer : express his opinion
Which of the following is true about gender differences in leadership?
Answer : It is difficult to judge the truth about stereotypes of gender differences.
According to Kolb's Learning Style Type, which of the following describes the accommodative learning style?
Answer : Concrete experience, active experimentation, adaptive
Power granted to a person by an organization is an example of
Answer : position power
What is a dependent variable?
Answer : The factor that an experiment or hypothesis tries to explain or predict that is affected by some other factor
Which of the following is NOT true about stress?
Answer : Women respond more intensely to stress than men and have a higher risk of heart attack and stroke.
Which of the following statements accurately describes situational leadership?
Answer : There is no one best way to influence group members.
A mechanistic organization
Answer : emphasizes specialization and control
Which of the following is true about job enrichment?
Answer : It increases employee responsibility.
Which is a major contributing factor to the transformational leader?
Answer : chharisma
The most important challenge facing the field of organizational behavior is
Answer : managing workforce diversity
Which of the following has become a significant source of workplace conflict?
Answer : rudeness and incivility
Empowerment is a strategy focused on improving all of the following EXCEPT
Answer : bureaucracy
What is an organigraph?
Answer : A map that gives an overview of a company's functions and the way people organize themselves at work
Which of the following statements is true about Herzberg's two-factor theory?
Answer : Intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction.
Accounting firms, consulting firms, and hospitals are examples of
Answer : professional bureaucracies
Which of the following is a difference between men's and women's communication styles?
Answer : Women prefer to communicate to build rapport, and men use communication to display knowledge and skill.
Being "in the zone" is also known as
Answer : the experience of flow
Which of the following is true about Total Quality Management (TQM)?
Answer : Relies on bottom-up, participative decision making in planning and execution
A leader with Machiavellian tendencies would likely
Answer : manipulate others for his or her personal gain
Which of the following statements accurately describes Vroom's expectancy theory?
Answer : It is one of the most widely accepted theories of motivation.
Advances in information technology have
Answer : increased access to information and made delayering possible
What type of power will help a leader establish a power base?
Answer : Power as an expert
What is the relationship between stress and job performance?
Answer : Moderate stress correlates with high performance.
Outsourcing means that a company
Answer : hires other companies to do some of its work
What is an affinity group?
Answer : An employee-involvement group made up of professional-level workers
The only way a person can influence someone else is to
Answer : communicate
Which is true about flat organization structures?
Answer : Customer problems can be solved quickly.
A person with a high achievement need
Answer : prefers tasks of intermediate difficulty
What differentiates a team from a group?
Answer : Shared versus individual accountability
Reinforcement theory
Answer : has operant conditioning at its foundation
Determining the tasks to be done, who should do them, and who reports to whom is an example of which management function?
Answer : Organizing
Which of the following statements is true about group dynamics?
Answer : Groups go through predictable stages to become productive.
According to the triarchic theory of intelligence,
Answer : wisdom, street smarts, and common sense are important factors of intelligence
As a rule of thumb, in the absence of information, what do many employees do?
Answer : Create and spread rumors
Which of the following describes people with a directive style of decision making?
Answer : Has a low tolerance for ambiguity and seeks rationality
The following are all conditions that favor social learning EXCEPT
Answer : need for power
Which of the following is true about virtual teams?
Answer : They benefit companies that are spread out in a wide geographic area.
The contingency approach to organization design affirms that
Answer : organizations are more effective when they are structured to fit the situational demand
Which of the following is true about employee recognition?
Answer : Employees welcome praise as much as a paycheck.
A strategy, or method, for increasing organizational effectiveness by bringing about planned change is called
Answer : organizational development
Nonverbal communication has the main purpose of
Answer : expressing the communicator's emotions behind the message
If an employee misperceives an event that occurs in the workplace, it is likely that he or she has
Answer : strong attitudes about that event
Which organization structure is best suited to leveraging specialization?
Answer : Functional
The nominal group technique is
Answer : a group decision-making approach that generates creative alternatives independently
According to the Holmes and Rahe "Social Adjustment Rating Scale," which of the following is considered the most stressful
event?
Answer : Death of a spouse
Which of the following is NOT a technique to enhance creativity?
Answer : Forming homogeneous work groups
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a bureaucratic organizational structure?
Answer : Bureaucratic controls can suppress initiative and decision making at lower levels.
In order to build teamwork, a manager should avoid which of the following?
Answer : Supervising the group closely
Which of the following is an accurate description of Emotional Intelligence (EI)?
Answer : A person's EI predicts performance better than IQ.
Which of the following statements is true about organizational behavior?
Answer : Organizational behavior is a study of individuals, groups, and structure.
Openly discussing the worst-case possibilities of a situation is a way a company can
Answer : reduce the negative consequences of rumors
What does the P stand for in the equation B = ƒ(P x E)?
Answer : Person
All of the following accurately describe Alderfer's ERG theory EXCEPT
Answer : Alderfer reworked Herzberg's theory to align with empirical research
According to the Leadership Grid®, which is the best leadership style?
Answer : Team management
According to equity theory model,
Answer : employee satisfaction is dependent on how fairly the employee believes he or she is treated in comparison to others
Who created the three-step model for change that includes unfreezing, movement, and refreezing?
Answer : Kurt Lewin
Leadership is the domain of which group of employees?
Answer : All employees
Which of the following is true about conflict?
Answer : Conflict can be both positive and negative.
Which of the following accurately describes organizational change?
Answer : Individuals' ability to learn to deal with change is a major part of managing change.