Matter
-Anything that has mass and takes up space
-Most matter on Earth is made up of atoms
-Two classifications of matter: substances and mixtures
Substance
-Matter with a composition that is always the same
-Two types of substances: elements and compounds
Compounds
Element
-Two or more types of atoms bonded together
-Properties are different from the properties
of the elements that make it up
-Each compound has a chemical formula
-Consists of just one type of atom
-organized on the periodic table
-Each element has a chemical symbol
Su
Mixtures
Mixtures can be separated into
substances by physical methods.
Su
Substances physically
combine to form mixtures
-Matter that can vary in composition
-Substances are not bonded together
-Two types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous
Heterogeneous Mixtures
-Two or more substances unevenly mixed
-Different substances are visible by an
unaided eye or a microscope
Homogeneous Mixtures
-Two or more substances evenly mixed
-Different substances cannot be seen even
by a microscope
Physical Properties
• Physical properties are characteristics of
matter that you can observe or measure
without changing the identity of the matter.
absorption
area
brittleness
boiling point
color
concentration
density
ductility
electric charge
flexibility
fluidity
length
location
luminance
luster
malleability
magnetic field
mass
melting point
moment
momentum
permeability
pressure
radiance
solubility
strength
temperature
tension
thermal conductivity
velocity
viscosity
volume
wave impedance
Particles that make up a solid
are very close together and
vibrate back and forth. This is
why solids cannot easily change
shape.
The particles that make up a liquid
have more energy—and thus more
motion—than the particles in a solid.
Each particle still touches the particles
around it, but the particles slide past
each other. This is why you can pour a
liquid.
The particles that
make up a gas
move very quickly,
spread out, and fill
their container.
Size-Dependent Properties
• Mass
the amount of matter in an object
– Sometimes mass is confused with weight, but they
are not the same! Weight is the pull of gravity on
that matter. Weight changes with location, but mass
does not.
• Volume
the amount of space something takes up.
– Volume is measured in milliliters (mL)
MiniLab
Follow directions on page 360
Purpose: Can the weight of an object change?
Hypothesis:
Materials: balance, metal washers, spring scale,
beaker of 300 mL water
Observation: Write a paragraph of what you did
and observed
Conclusion: Answer the questions 1-3 for HW
Size-Independent Properties
Melting Point
The temperature at which a
substance changes from a
solid to a liquid is its melting
point.
Boiling Point
The temperature at which a
substance changes from a
liquid to a gas is its boiling
point.
Density
-Density is the mass per unit volume of a
substance
-M/V=D
-Every substance has its own individual density
-Density NEVER changes
because it’s a
ratio of mass per volume
Size-Independent Properties
• Conductivity-the ability of matter to conduct,
or carry along, an electric current.
• Thermal conductivity-the ability of matter to
conduct thermal energy (heat).
• Solubility-the ability of one substance to
dissolve in another
– Solvent-the substance present in the largest
amount
– Solute-the substance that dissolves in the solvent
Separating Mixtures
• Substance that make up mixtures are NOT held
together by chemical bond. So, the properties of
the individual substances do NOT change and
they can be separated by physical properties.
• Compounds can NOT separated into the
elements it contains because they are chemically
bonded. Therefore, you can not separate the
hydrogen from oxygen in water to get the two
separate elements.