William III of Orange
(1650-1702)
 Republic

Mostly Protestant
 Calvinist Reformed
Church- official
church of the
nation.
 Jews, Catholics,
and Protestants
lived in relative
peace.

Urban consolidation
 Transformed agriculture
 Extensive trade and
finance
 Overseas commercial
empire

Fish industry
 Textile industry
 Shipbuilding
 Dutch East India
Company

Internal disunity
 Lacked a strong
political leader
 Technology
became outdated
 Fishing industry
dropped

Less advanced than western
Europe.
 Agrarian economy
 Little trade
 Constant warfare and alliances

King John III of Sobieski fought the Turks
who were invading Vienna.
 No relation to actress Leelee Sobieski

The central legislative body of Polish
nobles
 Ineffective

Each delegate had veto power and
could call the body to disband.
 Effects?


Austria, Hungary, Silesia, Galicia,
Moravia, Bohemia
Stopped Turkish advances
into Europe.
 Stopped Louis XIV.
 Gained control of
Mediterranean

Succeeded Joseph I
who had succeeded
Leopold
 Habsburg emperor
involved in the plot to
overthrow Peter with the
help of Aleksei.

Charles VI- had no male
heir.
 Pragmatic Sanctionprovided the legal basis
for a single line of
inheritance through
Charles VI’s daughter
Maria Theresa.

There would be a single
line of inheritance
through the Habsburg
family. (Maria Theresa)
 Empire was open to
military threats w/ little
money in the treasury or
military.

Many religions, many
ethnicities.
 Charles VI died in
1740, leaving M.T. w/o
a strong army or full
treasury.
 Invaded by Frederick II
of Prussia.

Frederick William- The Great Elector
 Frederick I- “King of Prussia”
 Frederick William I- made Prussia a
military powerhouse in Europe!
 Frederick the Great (II)- invaded Silesia,
broke alliance w/ Habsburgs.


Units of officially recognized religious
communities.
Complete your AP Test Prep found on
pages 450-451.