Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Prevention, Treatment, & Outreach
SSG Dodd
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Mission Statement
Our mission for the Prevention, Treatment,
and Outreach (PTO) Initiative is to provide
prevention training, treatment referrals, and
outreach to military families; that would
positively impact retention efforts and
enhance combat readiness.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
PTO Objectives
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Increase Retention and Readiness
Reduction of Positive Rate
Education (2hrs annually)
Self Referral (preferred method)
Outreach (Community Coalition)
Family Wellness (FRG)
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Readiness Impact
• $80,400 (Average cost to replace SM)
– Recruiting
– Basic Training
– Initial MOS/AFSC Training
• Costs Associated with Professional
Development and Proficiency Training
• Experience
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Cost of Impact (Pre MRP)
Cost of Positive Drug Tests
$320,880,000.00
$311,556,000.00
$293,412,000.00
$289,296,000.00
$272,748,000.00
$251,664,000.00
Years
ARNG
ANG
$22,092,000.00
$21,084,000.00
2001
2002
$25,620,000.00
$16,464,000.00
$21,336,000.00
$18,312,000.00
2003
2005
2004
2006
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
FY06-FY10 Positives By State
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
20-35%
Suicides
50%
Spousal
Abuse
39%
Fatal
Crashes
28-52%
Murders
41-51%
Assaults
Alcohol And/or Other
Drugs Are
Associated With:
56%
Manslaughter
Charges
25-45%
Sexual
Assault
40%
Child
Abuse
47%
Industrial
Accidents
25-50%
Drowning
Deaths
National Statistics, Center for Substance Abuse Programs
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
PTSD
• 30% of Iraq/Afghanistan veterans are
diagnosed with PTSD; up from 16-18% in
2004
• Those getting treatment for PTSD
increased by 87% between September
2005 and June 2006
• As of June 2010 According to the VA, out
of the 593,634 Veterans treated 171,423
were for PTSD
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Suicide
• Suicide rates have doubled from peace time for
US Troops who have served in Iraq
• 115 Suicides in 2007 – highest rate since Army
started tracking in 1980
• As of November 2010, at least 172 soldiers
committed suicide. Up from 162 for all of 2009
• Suicide has accounted for 25% of all noncombat related deaths in Iraq in 2006
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
What happens when…
• Positive Urinalysis?
– Enlisted (under 6 years)
– Enlisted (over 6 years)
– Officers
• Failure to Provide?
• Self-Admits?
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Limited Use Policy
• This presentation will not make you a legal expert on
the Limited Use Policy, but it will give you a better
understanding of what it is and how it applies.
• Commanders should ALWAYS consult with their
SJAs concerning whether or not the Limited Use
Policy applies in a particular situation.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Limited Use Policy
• Objectives of the “Limited Use Policy” per
AR 600-85 paragraph 6-3:
– To facilitate the identification of alcohol and
other drug abusers by encouraging
identification through self-referral.
– To facilitate the treatment and rehabilitation of
those abusers who demonstrate the potential
for rehabilitation and retention.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Limited Use Policy
• What does the Limited Use Policy do?
– Prohibits the use by the government of
protected evidence against a Soldier in a
courts-martial, UCMJ or for an unfavorable
characterization of service.
– Protected Evidence : Evidence of certain
positive drug results, or certain types of
information about illegal drug or alcohol
use.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Limited Use Policy
• What does the Limited Use Policy do?
– If a Soldier self-refers as a drug abuser then the
commander is not required to initiate separation action
and cannot take UCMJ actions against the Soldier.
– A Soldier can still be administratively discharged for a
positive drug test that is covered by the Limited Use
Policy but the Soldier will receive an Honorable
Discharge.
NOTE: Soldiers who are enrolled in the ASAP treatment
program, self referral or not, will be flagged until they
successfully complete the program.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Limited Use Policy
• What is considered Protected Evidence?
– Results of a command directed also known as a
competence or fitness for duty (CO) urine or alcohol
test.
– A rehabilitation test (RO) as part of the ASAP
treatment plan.
– Information concerning drug or alcohol abuse or
possession of drugs for personal use occurring prior to
a Soldier’s self-referral. This information is provided
by the Soldier as part of their initial entry into the
ASAP.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
• What is considered Protected Evidence?
(cont.)
– Information concerning drug or alcohol abuse or
possession of drugs for personal use, and biochemical
tests results collected as a result of a Soldier’s
emergency medical care for an actual or possible
alcohol or drug overdose.
Note: This does not include medical care resulting from
apprehension of law enforcement or if the initial hospital
admission was for other than alcohol or drug abuse (i.e.
traffic accident injuries).
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
• What is considered Protected Evidence?
(cont)
– Biochemical test results of a Soldier who self-refers, who
is tested prior to the drug being eliminated from his body.
• Example: A Soldier self refers on Monday after using cocaine on
Sunday; the commander ordered a 100% test on Tuesday. The test
result on the Soldier was positive because cocaine is detectable for up
to 3 days in the body.
• Example: If the above Soldier self-referred after hearing that the
commander had ordered a test on Monday morning then limited use
does not apply because the Soldier most likely self-referred to avoid
UCMJ action.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
• Limited Use Policy does not apply to the
following evidence:
– A positive test that results from law enforcement
activities.
– A positive urine rehabilitation test on a Soldier who is
enrolled for alcohol abuse.
– Information concerning drug or alcohol abuse or
possession of drugs for personal use occurring
AFTER a Soldier’s self-referral.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
• Limited Use Policy does not apply to the
following evidence: (cont.)
– A positive urine test on a Soldier conducted as an
inspection (IO, IR, or IU) after the Soldier is enrolled in
ASAP.
• Example: A Soldier self-enrolls on Monday for cocaine abuse. He is
tested the following Monday on a 100% test and comes up positive
for cocaine. Cocaine is only detectable for up to 3 days in the body,
therefore the Soldier must have used cocaine again after he selfenrolled.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
• The Limited Use Policy is designed to encourage Soldiers
who really want help with a substance abuse problem to
get help without fear of repercussions. Therefore some
test results and information may be protected evidence.
• A few Soldiers will try to use the Limited Use Policy to to
avoid UCMJ or other actions; these Soldiers will
eventually fail rehabilitation or have another positive test
and will be discharged.
• Don’t let a few Soldiers that try to work the system affect
how you perceive or treat those Soldiers that really want
to clean up their lives and save their career.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Introduction to Abuse
Terminology:
WHAT IS A DRUG? A drug is any substance that when
ingested into the body changes the way the organism
functions.
TOLERANCE: A stage of drug abuse in which the brain
and body get used to a drug, causing a person to have
to take more and more of the drug to get the same
“HIGH”.
DEPENDENCE: A stage of drug abuse in which a person
needs a drug just to feel okay (normal).
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
WITHDRAWAL: A stage of drug abuse when a drug
“wears off” because the user stops taking the drug or
use of the drug is discontinued. The user is often in
physical pain and may suffer from depression,
hallucinations or delusions.
ADDICTION: A style of living characterized by compulsive
use and overwhelming involvement with a drug. A stage
of drug abuse in which the user cannot stop taking the
drug despite serious negative consequences; the drug
takes control of the brain and overpowers the body’s
natural signals.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
• Risk factors are circumstances or characteristics that
predispose someone to having a substance abuse
problem.
• Early indicators of substance abuse are subtle
symptoms or other outward signs that someone may
have a substance abuse problem.
• Late indicators are more obvious symptoms or signs of
substance abuse and include physical illness or damage
from substance abuse or problems with the law.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Possible Risk Factors
for Substance Abuse Problems:
Prevention of substance abuse takes place before a
problem occurs. Risk Factors, such as those seen here,
are clues that prevention is appropriate:
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Marital Problem or geographical separations
Stress at work or deployments
Family Problems
Previous drug usage
Family member with substance abuse problem
Concern about own substance abuse
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Early Symptoms
of Substance Abuse Problems:
Early Indicators, such as those listed here, are clues that
substance abuse may have started. Intervention, such
as referral to the clinical ASAP for an assessment of a
possible problem, may be appropriate.
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Frequent absences from work
Difficulty eating and/or sleeping
Mood swings
Depression
DWI/DUI or positive urinalysis
Sudden poor job performance
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Late Symptoms
of Substance Abuse Problems:
Late Indicators such as those listed here mean that
treatment is appropriate. It is usually easier and
much less costly to prevent substance abuse than
it is to treat it.
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Liver damage
Overdose
Repeat DWI/DUI
Arrest for possession or sale of drugs
Repeat urinalysis positive
Fired from job or discharged due to substance
abuse
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Stages Of Chemical Dependency:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Experimentation
User
Abuser
Chemical Dependency
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
STAGE 1: Experimentation.
This is the beginning of drug abuse; it is just a rare taking
of the drug. No changes are normally noticed in these
individuals.
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Tried drug out of curiosity, media, peer pressure or to
find out what it does to us.
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Uses in social settings or alone.
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Occasional to infrequent use.
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Begin to “look forward to the buzz” of the drug of
choice.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
STAGE 2: User
Most of the drug abusers in the Army fall into this area. It is
very difficult to notice changes in behavior or job
performance.
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Party weekend use.
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Uses to socialize, not to have fun.
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Controlled use, avoids getting wasted or drunk.
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Experience few, if any, significant consequences with
their jobs, relationships with others, or the law.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
STAGE 3: Abuser
If a soldier falls into this category a supervisor or co-worker should
have already noticed the problem.
• Changes in peer group – develop new friends who are involved
with drugs.
• Experiences memory loss from use (passing out, blackouts).
• Family and friends become suspicious and concerned about
abuse.
• Increasing tolerance – quantity and frequency up!
• Mood changes from abuse – anger, irritability, and depression.
• Significant health problems begin – weight loss, hair and tooth
loss, acne, liver problems, poor personal hygiene.
• Consequences from abuse – work, home and legal issues.
• Changes in interests – partying more important than work, health,
family, etc.
• Increased problems at work – chronic tardiness and absences,
accidents, poor performance.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
STAGE 4: Chemical Dependency (Addiction)
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Continued misuse despite serious consequences at work, home
and with the law (loss of job, debt, DUI, relationship problems).
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Often enabled by family and friends to continue to stay in addiction.
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Demonstrates lying patterns; value system changes.
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Loss of interest in work, family and formerly enjoyed activities.
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Severely poor nutrition and health; preoccupation with chemicals.
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Rationalizes behavior to hide drug use.
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Increased isolation and paranoid and suicidal feelings.
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Experiences withdrawal symptoms when drug is not consumed.
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Cycle can only be stopped by recovery (abstinence) or death.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
How Soldiers are Referred to the ASAP
Before a soldier can be referred to the ASAP
assessment and/or treatment, he/she must be
identified as a possible drug or alcohol abuser.
Identification occurs through:
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Self-identification (Voluntary)
Commander/supervisor identification
Biochemical identification
Medical identification
Investigation and/or apprehension
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Voluntary Identification (Self Referral)
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Voluntary or self-identification is the most desirable
method of identifying a substance abuser.
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A soldier may request assistance from the commander
or the JSAP. (the JSAP will still notify the commander).
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A soldier that seeks emergency medical attention for an
actual or possible drug or alcohol overdose, not
subsequent to a traffic violation or criminal offense, is
considered self/voluntary identification.
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Soldier referrals from other than medical, command, or
law enforcement; such as chaplains will be treated as a
self-identification.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Command Identification
Commander/supervisor identification occurs
when the commander/supervisor
observes, suspects, or otherwise
becomes aware of an individual whose
job performance, social conduct,
interpersonal relations, physical fitness, or
health appear to be adversely affected by
suspected abuse of alcohol or drugs.
Examples may include spouse abuse or
drastic change in uniform appearance
and work ethic.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Biochemical Identification
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Biochemical identification can be accomplished
either by urinalysis or breath/blood alcohol testing
methods.
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Any soldier identified as an illegal drug abuser by
a urinalysis will be referred to the clinical ASAP for
assessment/treatment.
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Any soldier on duty whose alcohol test indicates
impairment (>.05%) will be referred to the clinical
ASAP for assessment/treatment.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Medical Identification
• A physician or health care provider during
routine or emergency medical treatment may
note apparent alcohol or other drug abuse.
• The health care provider/physician will refer
the soldier to the ASAP using medical form
SF 513.
• The ASAP clinician will immediately notify
the soldier’s commander of the referral.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Investigation/Apprehension
Identification
• A soldier’s alcohol or other drug abuse
may be identified through military or
civilian law enforcement investigation or
apprehension (i.e. DUI or drug dealer
bust/investigation)
• The unit commander will refer the soldier
to the clinical ASAP for an assessment
within 72 hours of notification of
apprehension.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Prevention Coordinator
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SSG Randell Dodd
Cell: 334-538-5042
Work: 334-274-6304
Email: ngalpto@ng.army.mil
Website: www.alabamacounterdrug.com
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
ALABAMA
NATIONAL GUARD
DRUG DEMAND REDUCTION
UNIT BRIEFING
DRUG FREE – STARTS WITH ME!
ALNG DRUG DEMAND REDUCTION
SMSgt Dave Peterson
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
The Adjutant General’s
Substance Abuse Policy
• Substance abuse, alcohol and drugs, is
considered serious misconduct and is not
compatible with military service.
• The Alabama National Guard is firmly committed
to eliminating substance abuse by its members.
• Random drug testing is an important tool for
preventing substance abuse and determining
readiness of soldiers and airmen.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Drug Testing
• Every unit will conduct no less than 4 drug tests
per year.
• All General Officers, AGR personnel, MPs,
Aviation personnel and members that routinely
carry a weapon will be mandatorily drug tested
once each year.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
CNSS:
(CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS)
COCAINE, CRACK, METH, ICE,
EPHEDRINE, RITALIN, ADDERALL
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
HALLUCINOGENS:
ECSTASY, LSD, MUSHROOMS,
TOADS, HERBAL ECSTASY
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
OPIATES:
OPIUM, MORPHINE, HEROIN,
VICODIN, METHADONE,
OXYCODONE, OXYCONTIN
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
MARIJUANA:
CANNABIS, MARINOL, HASHISH
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
ALCOHOL:
BEER, LIQUOR, MOONSHINE
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
CNSD:
(CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DEPRESSANTS)
GHB, ROHYPINOL, XANAX, BARBS
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
INHALANTS:
AEROSOLS, SOLVENTS, GASES
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
PCP:
PHENCYCLIDINE, KETAMINE
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
“LEGAL” Drugs:
Emerging Trends
 Spice, K2, Spark, Genie, Yucatan
(Synthetic Cannabinoids)
 Ivory Wave (“Bath Salts” or “Plant Food”)
 Salvia Divinorum
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
CAREER CRASHERS!
Testing positive for drugs is a sure way to
wreck your military career. Consider the
facts presented for the following abused
drugs and ask yourself,
“Is it worth jeopardizing my future?”
•Cocaine
•Methamphetamine
•Marijuana
•Prescription Drugs
•Synthetic Drugs
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
COCAINE AND CRACK
Short-lived fantasy high,
long lasting real-life nightmare.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
COCAINE/CRACK
What’s the difference?
• Cocaine is the powdered
form of the drug, usually
sniffed up the nose, but
sometimes diluted &
injected into a vein.
• Crack is the purest form
of cocaine and is smoked.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
COCAINE/CRACK
• Causes immense cravings – it is highly
addictive in a very short time.
• Users develop a marked tolerance – more
is needed to achieve the same effect as
before (diminishing return).
• Addicts empty bank
accounts, sell possessions,
commit crimes, sell
bodies, and betray loved
ones to get more of the
drug.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
SOME OF COCAINE’S EFFECTS
•Irregular heart
rhythm & altered blood
pressure.
•Lost control of bowels
and bladder.
•Heart infection or attack; sudden death.
•Brain infections, strokes, seizures & coma.
•Infertility in both sexes; birth defects.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
COCAINE’S EFFECTS
• Added Danger. Mixing cocaine and alcohol
causes a complex chemical interaction within the
body.
• The human liver combines cocaine and alcohol
to manufacture a third substance, cocaethylene,
which intensifies cocaine's euphoric effects and
increases the possibility sudden death.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
COCAINE/CRACK
“It won’t happen to me,” you say?
• In a recent year over 165,000 emergency
room visits were due to cocaine use.
• In that year, over 4500 users died from
cocaine, not including those murdered for
using or selling it.
• Up to 75% of people who try cocaine will
become addicted to it. Only 1 out of 4 who
try to quit will be able to without help.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
“Is cocaine use worth jeopardizing my
future?”
• Do a line and you may
get to do some time!
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
CRACK KILLS
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
REHAB
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
METHAMPHETAMINE
CRYSTAL, CRANK, SPEED, ICE –
TROUBLE BY WHATEVER NAME
CRYSTAL METH or “ICE”
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
“TINA”
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Ephedrine Reduction: Method – “Ogata”
• The most popular method by far
– accessibility of chemicals
– easy to manufacture
• Chemicals needed
– Ephedrine or pseudo, red phosphorus,
hydriodic acid (iodine crystals), sodium
hydroxide, organic solvents (ether, Freon,
acetone), and hydrogen chloride gas
(sulfuric acid and salt)
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Ephedrine Reduction – Birch – Nazi Method
• Fastest Growing in popularity
– Predominately in the Mid-West
• Chemicals Needed
– Ephedrine or pseudo, anhydrous
ammonia, sodium or lithium metal,
sodium hydroxide, organic solvents
(ether, camping fuel, acetone), and
hydrogen chloride gas (sulfuric acid
and salt)
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
METH USE & EFFECTS
• Meth may be smoked, snorted, injected or
swallowed.
• Users may feel euphoric for awhile, but also
become worked up and agitated for up to 12
hours.
• Sudden and dramatic mood shifts occur.
• Users have become violent and dangerous
when “tweaking” on meth.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
METH EFFECTS
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Effects of heavy meth use include:
Anxiety reactions, fearful, tremulous.
Hallucinations and paranoia.
Exhaustion syndrome (intense fatigue after
stimulation phase).
• Prolonged depression during which suicide is
possible.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
MORE METH EFFECTS
• Ruins abusers’ health.
• Causes brain, heart, and kidney damage,
among other physical effects.
• Quickly ruins a heavy user’s appearance.
• Lack of sleep and nutrition and the effects of
the toxic chemicals in the drug ruin the
complexion, and waste away the body.
• Check out this website to SEE the effects!
www.facesofmeth.us/main.htm
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
OTHER METH OBSERVATIONS
• Under the influence of meth, users feel
"wired" and edgy.
• They are often unpredictable, acting
friendly and sociable, and then suddenly
lashing out in suspicion and violence.
• Many users compulsively repeat
meaningless tasks for hours or pick at
imaginary bugs on their skin until it
bleeds.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
“Is meth use worth jeopardizing my future?”
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Using meth is illegal.
It destroys the environment
Wrecks physical appearance
Damages organs and skin
Hurts your loved ones.
Meth is wildly addictive &
Leaves ruined lives in its
path.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Urine or Recycled Meth ?
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EFFECTS CAN BE PASSED ON
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MARIJUANA
Would you choose to be on a
dangerous mission with a guy
that’s stoned?
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
WHAT IS MARIJUANA?
Marijuana is a green or gray
mixture of dried, shredded
leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers
of the hemp plant Cannabis
Sativa. It has a very distinct,
strong, sweet odor when burned.
It is the most commonly
used illegal drug.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
STREET NAMES FOR MARIJUANA
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Pot
Herb
Weed
Boom
Grass
Some
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Mary Jane
Gangster
Chronic
Bud
Reefer
stronger forms of Marijuana are
known as Sinsemilla, Hashish, and Hash Oil.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
MARIJUANA IN THE BRAIN
• Main active chemical is
Delta-9-THC
(tetra-hydro-cannabinol)
• THC affects nerve cells in the
hippocampus of the brain, which
controls learning and memory.
• Senses and motivations are also
affected by THC in this part
of the brain.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF USING
MARIJUANA
Trouble with memory,
learning, and problem
solving skills can occur
after only a few uses.
Senses of sight, hearing, touch,
time, and depth are distorted.
Performance in sports or other
activities is wrecked.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF USING
MARIJUANA
Marijuana also
increases heart rate.
Some experience
anxiety and panic
attacks.
Users get paranoid goes along with doing
something illegal.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
BUT IT’S NATURAL!
Yes, so is poison ivy –
but you wouldn’t want
to smoke that!
Marijuana’s “natural” smoke
contains 3-5 times as much of
tobacco’s cancer-causing
toxins.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF USING
MARIJUANA
Most common long term effect is
amotivational syndrome.
Increased tolerance (takes more
pot to get same result as before).
Permanent damage to thinking
and reasoning ability.
Chronic bronchitis, frequent
chest colds, and pneumonia.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF USING
MARIJUANA
Increased risk of lung or oral cancer.
Weakened immune system.
Damage to the reproductive system and
infertility in both sexes (decreased
estrogen and sperm count, & menstrual
irregularities).
Miscarriage or brain damage to fetuses.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
WHAT IS AT STAKE?
“It’s only pot...” is a line
that can be very costly to:
• Your Health
• Your Family
• Your Career
• Your Future
• Your Reputation
• Your Life!
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
Legal when used as PRESCRIBED
and directed by Physicians.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
• The nonmedical use or abuse of
prescription drugs is a serious and
growing public health problem in the U.S.
• Prescription drugs are legal – but only if
you have a prescription for them.
• Doctors write prescriptions based on
health conditions, body size and other
factors. Using them without a
prescription (or letting someone else
use them) is illegal and dangerous.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
The most commonly abused prescription
drugs are:
• Stimulants may cause increased or
irregular heart beat, paranoia, or seizures.
• Narcotics (Pain Relievers): Can easily
lead to addiction or serious overdose.
• Depressants cause slow brain
functioning, confusion and memory loss.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
Many depressants have warning labels
like, “Do Not use when operating motor
vehicles or heavy equipment.” They can
impair your driving ability the same as
alcohol.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
PRESCRIPTION DRUGS
All specimens collected
for military drug tests
will now be tested for
prescription drug
abuse.
Unit members need to be drugfree to be most effective in
accomplishing our missions.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
INHALANTS
• Inhalants include a wide variety
of breathable chemicals that
produce mind-altering results
• Volatile Solvents
• Aerosols
• Anesthetic Gases
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
 VOLATILE SOLVENTS:
Fuels
 Hair spray
 Butane butane lighters
 Gasoline auto fuel
 Kerosene lighter fluid
 Propane appliance & heating fuel
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
AEROSOLS:
 Fluorocarbons asthma spray
Air fresheners
 Hair spray
Helium balloons
 Spray paint –Gold/Silver
Hair Spray
 Freon air conditioners
Pam
 Scotch Guard
Spray Deodorants
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
ANESTHETIC GASES:
 Nitrous oxide
 Whipped cream dispensers
 Chloroform
 Ether
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Nitrous Oxide
 Dentist Office
 Air rifle cartridges
 Whipping cream can
 Party Stores
 Why in Balloons?
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
NITRATES:
 Amyl Nitrite or Butyl Nitrite “RUSH”
 Poppers
 Snappers
 Heart Medication
 Locker Room
 Bolt, Climax, also market as “Video Head Cleaner”
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
INHALANTS
“Kiddy Dope” or “Poor Mans Dope”
THE USERS
• 13 to 19 yrs old – 54 %
• 6 to 12 yrs old – 15 %
• The rest – 31 %
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
“POOR MANS DOPE - KIDDY DOPE”
 HUFFING: Inhaling a substance directly into the
mouth or nose from a container, can or device.
 BAGGING: Using a paper sack or plastic bag and
placing the substance to be inhaled into it. Then
covering the nose & mouth with the bag and inhaling
the substance.
 RAGGING: Placing a substance on a towel, rag, or
cloth by spraying or soaking it. Then placing the rag
over the nose & mouth and inhaling.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
BAGGING OR RAGGING ?
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
“LONG TERM EFFECTS”
PARKINSON DISEASE EFFECTS:
Long term use causes the protected covering
that surrounds the nerves in the body to
crack, chip, erode. When electrical impulses
travel from the brain to a location within the
body they will short out or short circuit. This
causes a reaction where the hands and/or
arms vibrate or shake uncontrollably. The
same symptoms as:
“Parkinson Disease.”
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
EFFECTS
 DURATION: Immediately Felt, Glue, Gas, Paint
Lasting Several Hours. Nitrous Oxide – 5
Minutes or Less. Rush Can Last a Few Minutes
to 20 minutes.
 INTERNAL CLOCK: Near Normal +/ SIGNS: Odor of Substance, Impaired/Divided
Attention, Nausea, Vomiting, Difficulty
Breathing, Spitting Up of Chemical
Substances, Hard to Swallow, Coughing,
Coma, Death.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
SYNTHETIC DRUGS
SPICE
Sold as organic incense
Laced w/ “synthetic
marijuana” (HU-210, JWH018)
HU-210 is a Schedule 1
controlled substance
Both contains psychoactive
chemicals
Commonly smoked in pipes or
cigars
Sold thru Internet, local “head
shops”, etc
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Ivory Wave
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Ivory Way Effects:
POSITIVE
mental and physical stimulation, euphoria, mood lift, feelings of empathy, openness, increase
in sociability, desire to talk with others, pleasurable rushing, sense of being sped up
NEUTRAL
general change in consciousness (as with most psychoactives), decreased appetite, pupil
dilation, unusual body sensations (facial flushing, chills, goosebumps, body energy), change in
body temperature regulation, sweating , increase in heart rate and blood pressure
NEGATIVE
(likelihood of negative side effects increases with higher doses) strong desire to re-dose,
craving to recapture initial euphoric rush, uncomfortable changes in body temperature
(sweating/chills), heart palpitations, sense of racing heart, impaired short term memory,
insomnia, tightened jaw muscles, grinding teeth, muscle twitching, nystagmus dizziness, light
headedness, vertigo, a couple of reports include serious vasoconstriction when insufflated:
pain and swelling in nose and throat, sinusitis
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Salvia Divinorum
An herb in the mint family
A species of sage
Used for its psychoactive
effects
Green leaves
Dried leaves
Extract
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Effects:
POSITIVE
short duration (when smoked), radical perspective shifting, increase in sensual and aesthetic
appreciation
creative dreamlike experience, insight into personal issues
NEUTRAL
powerful closed- and open-eye visuals, general change in consciousness (as with most
psychoactive)
altered perceptions, change in body temperature, flushing
sensation of physical push, pressure, or wind, sensation of entering or perceiving other
dimensions, alternate realities
feeling of 'presence' or entity contact, dissociation at high doses, walking or standing
NEGATIVE
overly-intense experiences, fear, terror and panic, increased perspiration, possible difficulty
integrating experiences
higher doses can cause inability to control muscles and maintain balance: falls are reported.
mild to moderate headache, usually starting after effects wear off
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Several helpful resources
and websites are available:
• www.intheknowzone.com
• www.saying-no.com
• www.streetdrugs.org
• www.health.org
• www.freevibe.com
• www.theantidrug.com
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Drug Testing Myths:
Myth 1:
Poppy seeds can make you pop positive for drugs.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 2:
Over-the-counter drugs can cause false
positives for methamphetamines.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 3:
You can mask a drug in urine by adding something to
the sample.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 4:
Marijuana stays in your system for a month.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 5:
Marijuana is safer than tobacco.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 6:
Someone at the drug lab is out to get you.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 7:
The military tests urine for steroid use.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 8:
"I just thought they were regular brownies. I
never felt a thing.”
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 9:
The drug labs round up their results.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 10:
Someone "can set you up" by adding a drug to
your urine test that will make you test
positive.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 11:
A sample can contaminate the screening
machine, thus contaminating clean tests that
follow it.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 12:
Drug labs screw up clean tests.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 13:
Passive inhalation is a legitimate defense for a
positive marijuana test.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 14:
All marijuana is the same.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Myth 15:
Every sample is tested for every major drug.
Alabama Joint Substance Abuse Program
Questions & Answers