ASU/NASA SPACE
GRANT
RADAR SYSTEM
ANALYSIS & DESIGN
Ja’Lon Sisson
Mentor: Prof.
Daniel W.
Bliss
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 General Information & Applications of Radar
 Electromagnetic Radiation
 Pulse-Doppler Radar
 Doppler Effect
 Simulation
 Mono-Static – Stationary
 Mono-Static – Active
 Bi-Static – Active
 References
GENERAL INFORMATION & APPLICATIONS
OF RADAR
 RAdio Detection And Ranging = RADAR
 Radar is an object-detection system that
uses electromagnetic radiation to determine the range,
altitude, direction, or speed of objects .
 Modern uses of radar include defense systems, outer space
surveillance, flight control, anti -collision systems, and many
other applications.
GENERAL INFORMATION & APPLICATIONS
OF RADAR
 A radar system has
a transmitter that emits radio
waves in predetermined directions.
When these come into contact with
an object they are
usually reflected or scattered in
many directions.
 Radar signals are reflected
especially well by materials of
considerable electrical
conductivity.
 Some of the scattered radio waves
are reflected back and detected by
a receiver. If the object is moving
away or toward the receiver, there
is a slight change in the frequency,
caused by the Doppler effect.
Fun Fact: Illumination
GENERAL INFORMATION & APPLICATIONS
OF RADAR
 Isotropic Antenna
 Directional Antenna
Pt
Pt =
2
(4p )R
Pt Gt
Pt =
2
(4p )R
 P t = Transmitter power
 P t = Transmitter power
 G t = Gain of the
transmitting antenna
 R= Range from
Antenna
 R= Range from
Antenna
GENERAL INFORMATION & APPLICATIONS
OF RADAR
 Gain is the radiation intensity relative to a lossless isotropic
reference.
G=
4p Ae
l
2
 A e = Ef fective Area (aperture*efficiency)
 λ= wavelength (c/f)
 In general, an increase in gain is accompanied by a decrease
in beam width.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
 Electromagnetic Radiation is emitted and absorbed by
charged particles.
 Radar absorbing materials contain either resistive
or magnetic substances to reduce radar reflection
PULSE-DOPPLER RADAR
 A Pulse-Doppler radar is a radar system that determines the
range to a target using pulse -timing techniques, and uses the
Doppler Shift of the returned signal to determine the target
object's velocity.
c*t
R=
2
DOPPLER EFFECT
 The Doppler ef fect (or Doppler shift) is the change
in frequency of a wave for a target moving relative to an
observer.
 When the object of interest is moving toward the receiver,
each successive reflection from the transmitted signal is
emitted from a position closer to the receiver than the echo.
 The time between the arrival of successive wave crests at the
receiver is reduced, causing an increase in the frequency.
DOPPLER EFFECT
1+ v
c)
fr = ft (
1- v
c
ft
fd = fr - ft = 2v
(c - v)
ft
fd » 2v
c
fd (c)
v»
2 ft
 f r = Shifted Frequency
 f t = Original Frequency
 f d = Doppler Frequency
 c= Speed of light
 v= Target velocity
MONO-STATIC (STATIONARY)
 Mono-static: The transmitter and receiver are collocated
(same antenna is used to transmit/receive).
MONO-STATIC (STATIONARY)
 Multi-Target
MONO-STATIC (ACTIVE)
 Multi-Target
BI-STATIC (ACTIVE)
 Bi-static: The transmitter and receiver are in dif ferent
locations.
REFERENCES
 1 . " R a d a r. " W i k i p e d i a . N . p . , n . d . We b . 3 0 Au g . 2 014 .
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radar>.
 2 . " H o w R a d a r Wo r k s . " I n s t i t u te f o r G e o p hy s i c s . T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f Te x a s a t A u s t i n , n . d .
We b . 1 1 J a n . 2 01 5 .
< h t t p : / / w w w. i g . u t e x a s . e d u / r e s e a r c h / p r o j e c t s / m a r s / e d u c a t i o n / r a d a r _ wo r k s . h t m > .
 3 . " R a d a r Fu n d a m e n t a l s . " R F C a f e . N . p . , n . d . We b . 1 1 J a n . 2 01 5 .
< h t t p : / / w w w. r f c a f e . c o m / r e f e r e n c e s / e l e c t r i c a l / N E E T S - M o d u l e s / N E E T S - M o d u l e - 1 8 - 1 - 1 - 1 10 . h t m > .
 4 . Pe l l i s s i e r, V i n c e n t . " R a d a r S y s te m D e s i g n a n d A n a l y s i s w i t h M AT L A B . " M a t h Wo r k s .
N . p . , n . d . We b . 17 O c t . 2 014 . < h t t p : / / w w w. m a t h w o r k s . c o m / v i d e o s / r a d a r - s y s t e m - d e s i g n and-analysis-with-matlab81 917. h t m l ? f o r m _ s e q = c o n f 1 0 9 2 & c o n f i r m a t i o n _ p a g e & w f s i d = 5 9 6 7 5 8 6 & r e f r e s h = t r u e > .
 5 . " S i m u l a t i n g a B i s t a t i c Po l a r i m e t r i c R a d a r. " M a t h Wo r k s . N . p . , n . d . We b . 10 J a n . 2 01 5 .
< h t t p : / / w w w. m a t h w o r k s . c o m / h e l p / p h a s e d / e x a m p l e s / s i m u l a t i n g - a - b i s t a t i c - p o l a r i m e t r i c r a d a r. h t m l > .
 6 . " A D o p p l e r S h i f t S p e e d G u n . " C F C P Wo r k . U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o , n . d . We b . 1 2 J a n .
2 01 5 . < h t t p : / / c f c p w o r k . u c h i c a g o . e d u / k i c p - p r o j e c t s / n s t a / 2 0 07 / s h e r m a n / d o p p l e r. h t m > .
 7. " E l e c t r o m a g n e t i c r a d i a t i o n . " W i k i p e d i a . N . p . , n . d . We b . 1 3 S e p t . 2 014 .
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation >.
THANK YOU!
QUESTIONS?