The Cardiovascular/
Circulatory and
Respiratory Systems
EQ: How do organ systems work together to enable an organism
to maintain homeostasis?
• Many people think of
romance.
• Some think of courage
• But the heart is more
than a symbol of love
or bravery.
• Your heart is an
amazing pump
What do you think of when you
hear the word “heart??
• Your heart, blood and blood vessels make up your cardiovascular
System
• The word “cardio” means heart.
• The word “vascular” means vessel.
• Your heart creates pressure when it beats.
• This pressure moves blood throughout your body.
• The cardiovascular system helps your body maintain homeostasis by
• Carrying nutrients to your cells
• Removing wastes from your cells
• Moving chemicals called hormones throughout the body
Organs and Functions of the
Cardiovascular System
• Your heart is made
mostly of cardiac
muscle tissue.
• It is roughly the size of
your fist and is almost
in the center of your
chest cavity.
• Most mammals have a
left side and a right side
that are separated by a
thick wall.
The Heart
• The heart also contains flap
like structures called valves
between the atria (plural of
atrium) and the ventricles and
in places where large arteries
are attached to the heart.
• As blood moves through the
heart, these valves close to
prevent blood from going
backward.
• The “lub-dub” sound of a
beating heart is caused by the
valves closing.
The Heart
• The right side pumps
oxygen-poor blood to
the lungs.
• There are two chambers
within the right side of
the heart.
• The upper chamber is
called the right atrium,
and the lower chamber
is called the right
ventricle
The Heart
• Where does blood get oxygen
to deliver to your body?
• From your lungs!
• Your heart pumps blood into
the lungs.
• In the lungs, carbon dioxide
leave the blood and oxygen
enters the blood.
• The oxygenated blood then
flows back into the heart.
• This is called pulmonary
circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
• The oxygen-rich blood
returning to the heart
from the lungs is then
pumped to the rest of
the body.
• The circulation of blood
between the heart and
the rest of the body is
called systemic
circulation.
Systemic Circulation
• The left side of the
heart pumps oxygenrich blood to the
body.
• It too has two
chambers, the upper
being the left atrium
and the lower is called
the left ventricle
The Heart
The Flow of Blood Through the
Heart
• Blood enters the atria
(upper chamber) first.
• The left atrium
receives oxygen-rich
blood from the lungs
• The right atrium
receives oxygen-poor
blood from the body.
The Flow of Blood
Through the Heart
• When the atria have
filled with blood, the
blood pushes, or applies
pressure, to the valves.
• This pressure causes the
valves to open and
blood flows downward
to the ventricles.
• Then, the atria contract
(get smaller)
The Flow of Blood
Through the Heart
• When the atria relax,
the ventricles contract
and push blood out of
the heart.
• Blood from the right
ventricle goes to the
lungs, and blood from
the left ventricle goes
to the rest of the body.
The Flow of Blood
Through the Heart
•
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18--LFIsFM&feature=youtube_gdata_player
• Blood, although not an organ,
is part of your cardiovascular
system.
• Blood is a connective tissue
made of plasma, red blood
cells, platelets and white blood
cells.
• Blood carries oxygen and
nutrients to all parts of your
body.
Blood
• The hollow tubes through
which your blood travels
throughout your body are
called blood vessels.
• There are three types of
blood vessels:
• Arteries
• Capillaries
• Veins
Blood Vessels
• A blood vessel that carries
blood away from the heart
is called an artery.
• Arteries have thick walls,
which contain smooth
muscle.
• Each beat of the heart
pumps blood into the
arteries at high pressure.
• This is your blood pressure!
Arteries
Capillaries
• Nutrients, oxygen, and
other substances need to
leave your blood and get
to your body’s cells.
• Carbon dioxide and other
wastes leave body cells
and are carried away by
blood.
• Capillaries are tiny blood
vessels that exchange
nutrients and oxygen for
carbon dioxide and waste
between body cells and
blood.
• These exchanges can
happen because
capillaries are only one
cell thick!
• They are so narrow that
cells must pass through
them single-file.
• No cell in the body is
more than 3-4 cells
away from a capillary.
Capillaries
• After leaving the
capillaries, blood enters
veins.
• Veins carry blood back
to the heart.
• When skeletal muscles
contract, they squeeze
nearby veins and help
push blood toward the
heart.
Veins
• More than just your heart and
blood vessels are at risk if you
have cardiovascular problems.
• Your whole body may be
harmed.
• Cardiovascular problems can
be caused by smoking, high
cholesterol levels, stress,
physical inactivity and heredity
• Eating a healthy diet and
getting plenty of exercise can
reduce the risk of having
cardiovascular problems
Cardiovascular Problems
• Breathing is a natural
process that, unlike
eating or drinking, we
have to do it
continuously.
• All of our cells need
oxygen in order to
release the energy that
keeps them and us
alive.
The Respiratory System
• The efficient and
carefully controlled act
of inhaling air into
our lungs and then
exhaling it several
times per minute (22,00
times each day!) is the
first step in ensuring
that the cells get their
oxygen.
The Respiratory System
• Breathing, or getting
the air to your cells,
and then exhaling the
waste product, carbon
dioxide, is made
possible by your
respiratory system.
Functions of the
Respiratory System
• Your respiratory system has two main jobs:
• #1: To take in oxygen from the air to pass to the blood
so that it can reach each cell in the body.
• #2: Remove waste gases (carbon dioxide) that come
from the body’s cells.
Functions of the
Respiratory System
•
Your respiratory system is made up of the
following organs:
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Nose – main passageway
Pharynx – connects nose, mouth to
trachea
Trachea – “windpipe”
Bronchus – bottom of trachea, splits,
connecting to each lung
Lungs -- carbon dioxide leaves the blood
and oxygen enters the blood.
Alveoli – tiny air sacs where oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged
Diaphragm – move the lungs so that air
can be inhaled and exhaled
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Organs of the Respiratory
System
A Good Model
EQ: How do organ systems work together to
enable an organism to maintain homeostasis?
• Goal: To act out the flow of blood through the
cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems
• Materials:
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#14: Cardiovascular/Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Red plates
Blue plates
Labels
A Good Model
• Procedures:
• 1) Each person will receive a label
• 2) I will assign everyone a “role” to play in the model, write
your role on your label
• 3) You will be given time to develop a model that actively
shows the flow of blood through the cardiovascular,
circulatory and respiratory systems using the given materials.
• 4) Presentation times:
• 1st : 10:15
• 5th : 2:00
• 7th : 3:32
A Good Model
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Superior Vena Cava – vein that brings blood into the heart
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Lungs
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Aorta – artery from the heart that brings blood to the body
Artery
Capillary
Vein
Cell
Roles