ENG101B Freshman English
Final Exam Revision
Part A. MLA
(Adapted from Research and Documentation
Online.<http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/p04_c08_o.html>)
1. General approach
 A signal phrase + a parenthetical phrase
 Signal phrase includes the author’s name
 Parenthetical phrase:
 comes after the cited material
 includes at least a page number
 Example: One driver, Peter Cohen, says that
after he was rear-ended, the guilty party
emerged from his vehicle still talking on the
phone (127).
Part A. MLA
2. Author named in parenthesis
 If a signal phrase does not name the author, put
the author's last name in parentheses along with
the page number.
 Example:
 Most states do not keep adequate records on
the number of times cell phones are a factor in
accidents; as of December 2000, only
ten states were trying to keep such records
(Sundeen 2).
 Note: no punctuation between the name and the
page number
Part A. MLA
3. Author unknown
 Either use the complete title in a signal phrase
or use a short form of the title in parentheses.
Titles of books are underlined; titles of articles
are put in quotation marks.
 Example:
 As of 2001, at least three hundred towns and
municipalities had considered legislation
regulating use of cell phones while driving
("Lawmakers" 2).
Part A. MLA
4. Two or three authors
 Name the authors in a signal phrase, as in the following
example, or include their last names in the parenthetical
reference: (Redelmeier and Tibshirani 453).
 Example:
 Redelmeier and Tibshirani found that "the risk of a
collision when using a cellular telephone was four times
higher than the risk when a cellular telephone was not
being used" (453).
 When three authors are named in the parentheses,
separate the names with commas: (Alton, Davies, and
Rice 56).
Part A. MLA
5. Encyclopedia or dictionary
Unless an encyclopedia or a dictionary
has an author, it will be alphabetized in the
list of works cited under the word or entry
that you consulted
Example:
The word crocodile has a surprisingly
complex etymology ("Crocodile").
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
1. General guidelines:
 Alphabetizing the list: Alphabetize the list by the last
names of the authors (or editors); if a work has no author
or editor, alphabetize by the first word of the title other
than A, An, or The.
 Indenting: Do not indent the first line of each works cited
entry, but indent any additional lines one-half inch (or five
spaces). This technique highlights the names of the
authors, making it easy for readers to scan the
alphabetized list.
 Web addresses: Do not insert a hyphen when dividing a
Web address (URL) at the end of a line. Break the line
after a slash. Also insert angle brackets around the URL.
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
 Single author: For a work with one author, begin with the author's
last name, followed by a comma; then give the author's first name,
followed by a period.
 Example: Dickens, Charles. / Brown, Dan
 Multiple Author: For works with two or three authors, name the
authors in the order in which they are listed in the source. Reverse
the name of only the first author. For a work with four or more
authors, either name all of the authors or name the first author,
followed by "et al." (Latin for "and others").
 Example:
 Walker, Janice R., and Todd Taylor.
 Wilmut, Ian, Keith Campbell, and Colin Tudge.
 Sloan, Frank A., Emily M. Stout, Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein, and
Lan Liang.
 Sloan, Frank A., et al.
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
UNKNOWN AUTHOR
 When the author of a work is unknown, begin
with the work's title. Titles of articles and other
short works, such as brief documents from Web
sites, are put in quotation marks. Titles of books
and other long works, such as entire Web sites,
are underlined.
 Examples:
 (Article or other short work) "Media Giants."
 (Book or other long work) Atlas of the World.
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
TWO OR MORE WORKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR
 If your list of works cited includes two or more works by
the same author, use the author's name only for the first
entry. For other entries, use three hyphens followed by a
period. The three hyphens must stand for exactly the
same name or names as in the first entry. List the titles in
alphabetical order (ignoring the article A, An, or The at
the beginning of a title).
 Example:
 García, Cristina. The Agüero Sisters. New York:
Ballantine, 1998.
 ---. Monkey Hunting. New York: Ballantine, 2003.
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
2. Books
2.1 Basic format
 Generally, arrange the information in 3 units:
  the author's name
  the title and subtitle (underlined)
  the place of publication, the publisher, and the
date
 Example:
 Tan, Amy. The Bonesetter's Daughter. New York:
Putnam, 2001.
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
2.2 Author with an editor
Begin with the author and title, followed by
the name of the editor. In this case the
abbreviation "Ed." means "Edited by," so it
is the same for one or multiple editors.
Plath, Sylvia. The Unabridged Journals of
Sylvia Plath. Ed. Karen V.Kukil. New
York: Anchor-Doubleday, 2000.
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
2.3 Editor
 An entry for a work with an editor is similar to
that for a work with an author except that the
name is followed by a comma and the
abbreviation "ed." for "editor" (or "eds." for
"editors").
 Example:
 Craig, Patricia, ed. The Oxford Book of
Travel Stories. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
3. Electronic resources
Cite the reference according to the following order:
 i. the name of the author or corporate author (if known)
 ii. the title of the site, underlined
 iii. the names of any editors
 iv. the date of publication or last update
 v. the name of any sponsoring organization
 vi. the date you accessed the source
 vii. the URL in angle brackets
 Note: provide as much of this information as is available
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
3.1 With an author:
 Peterson, Susan Lynn. The Life of Martin
Luther. 2002. 24 Jan. 2005
<http://www.susanlynnpeterson.com/lut
her/home.html>.
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
3.2 Author unknown:
 Margaret Sanger Papers Project. 18 Oct.
2000. History Dept., New York U. 6
Dec.2004<http://www.nyu.edu/projects/
sanger>.
Part A. MLA: List of works cited
(References)
3.3 With editor:
 Exploring Ancient World Cultures. Ed. Anthony
F. Beavers. 1997. U of Evansville. 24 Jan.
2005 <http://eawc.evansville.edu/index.htm>.
 Note: If the site has no title, substitute a
description, such as "Home page," for the title.
Do not underline the words or put them in
quotation marks.
 Example:
 Yoon, Mina. Home page. 29 Sept. 2004. 12
Jan. 2005
<http://www.pa.msu.edu/~mnyoon>.
Part B. WRITING TABLE OF CONTENTS
AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A table of contents of a research report
should at least have the following point:
Introduction: background and aim of the
study
methodology/process: telling how the
research is conducted and how the
findings are presented
Summary of conclusions drawn from the
study
Part B. WRITING TABLE OF CONTENTS
AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The executive summary should be written
according to the table of contents. In other
words, the executive summary should
include everything mentioned in the table
of contents, including a brief introduction
telling the background and purpose of the
study, an explanation of the methodology,
3 to 5 major findings and the conclusions
drawn based on the findings (as well as
recommendations if available).
Part. C DOCUMENTING A MEETING
I. Agenda
 An agenda should include:






(apologies for absence)
minutes of the last meeting
matter arising from the minutes
new business to be discussed
AOB (any other business)
date of the next meeting
Part. C DOCUMENTING A MEETING
II. Minutes
 Minutes of meeting must include the following things:
 1. The name of the body that held the meeting
 2. Date of the meeting
 3. Who was the chairperson and who the secretary
 4. Names of those present
 5. Apologies of absence
 6. Minutes of the last meeting
 7. Matters arising from the minutes
 8. What was said/decided, etc
 9. When the next meeting is to take place
Part. C DOCUMENTING A MEETING
II. Minutes
The language of minutes should be:
Impersonal, objective language
Short sentences and paragraphs
Use of the past tense
Headings and subheadings