Name
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Hour ________ Test Date ________________
World History - Chapter 2 Study Guide
Vocabulary (Do you know the definition and how to use them in a sentence)
1. Domestication process of changing plants and animals to make them more useful to humans
2. Land bridge a strip of land connecting two continents
3. Agriculture farming
4. Ancestor a relative who lived in the past
5. Prehistory the time before the invention of writing
6. Tool an object that has been modified to help a person accomplish a task
7. Hunter/Gatherer people who hunt animals and gather wild plants, seeds, fruits, and nuts to survive
8.Migrate to move
9. Neolithic Revolution the shift from food gathering to food producing (farming)
10. Bias an idea about someone or something based solely on opinion, not facts
Short Answers Directions: Answer the following questions with as much information as possible.
11. Which came first – Farming or hunting and gathering? How do you know?
Hunting and gathering came first, before farming. We know this from the artifacts that we can find.
Tools became more refined (better) and tools for hunting were different than those needed for farming.
We can see different injuries in the skeletal remains. We can find different seeds, grains and garbage
that shows a change in what food was gathered and what food was grown. We also see a difference in
the bones from different animals left behind. There are more permanent structures left behind after
people had settled down to farm, rather than to roam around. (DOES YOUR ANSWER GIVE
EVIDENCE!?)
12. What kinds of tools did early man use and why?
Early stone tools were for processing food…so they used choppers. Then, hand axes made out of flint
were used to dig, cut, and break things. When a wooden handle was added to the stone point, they could
have knifes, spears and arrows. (DOES YOUR ANSWER GIVE EVIDENCE!?)
13. Once people started farming, what were they able to do?
They were also able to stop migrating from place to place (following food) and start creating cities and
towns. They could plan ahead. They could work together on bigger projects. They could store up food.
We guess they picked leaders and later, when people had more spare time, they created culture:
government, religion, music, art, sports, etc…
14. How did early people use domesticated animals & fire? Give at least 3 ways for each.
Hunting help
Farming (to pull heavy loads)
Wool from sheep
Hide (leather) from skins
Milk, eggs, etc.
Warmth
Protection
Cooking
Light (to work later into the night)
Sanitation
15. List at least two things that were left behind by early man and explain what archaeologists could
have learned from them.
Answers will vary but some ideas would be: stone tools, garbage heaps, housing/storage buildings, cave
art, and later megaliths. (DOES YOUR ANSWER GIVE AN EXPLANATION!?)
16. How did ancient people make their way to South America? Where did they start, how did they
get there, and why were they migrating? (Use pg 37 to build your answer.)
We think people left Africa, moving first into the Middle East and Europe, then the rest of Asia.
Somehow they also got to Australia, probably using boats to ‘island hop.’ From the north of Asia, they
could use land bridges to get to North America and finally to South America. We think the people were
following the animals for food.
17. Explain the importance of early man building permanent settlements. What changes to human
society took place?
A society is a community of people who share a common culture. While hunter/gathers lived in small
societies, after becoming farmers, they could build permanent settlements and increase the population
with better food production.
They could also do more activities. They could come together for ceremonies, develop megaliths, do art,
make religious crafts, and other items to trade. They could improve their clothes, houses and tools.
18. Draw a diagram showing early humans’ progression thru the Neolithic Revolution.
Climate changes made the early
people need to change the way
they got food.
Domestication of plants and
animals led to agriculture.
Farming changed the way of
life, leading to towns and later
civilizations.
19. Know how to read a timeline; practice with a friend using your text book. Also, know how to
read a map and explain your answer. Practice with a friend using your text book. Ask each other
questions using timelines and maps.
20. Can you use your knowledge about bias to see it in writing? Read the mini-article below and
explain how it is showing bias, and how you can tell. (You may need a separate paper.)
Is the writer…A. writing with incomplete information.
B. trying to convince or influence the reader.
C. letting past experience influence her thinking.
“Stonehenge, the best-known and most mysterious megalithic monument in the world, was in the making for at least
400 years. The first phase, built around 3000 B.C., were the 80 or so bluestones, which were arranged in a double circle
with an entrance facing northeast. Bluestones, so called because they take on a bluish hue when wet or cut, must have
been very important due to the immense effort involved in moving them a long distance—some were as long as ten feet
and weighed four tons. Geological studies in the 1920s determined that they came from the Preseli Mountains in
southwest Wales, 140 miles from Stonehenge. Some geologists have argued that glaciers moved the stones, but most
experts now believe that humans undertook the huge, difficult task. The most likely route would have required traveling
some 250 miles—with the stones floated on rafts, then pulled overland by teams of men and oxen or rolled on logs—
along the south coast of Wales, crossing the Avon River near Bristol and then heading southeast to the Salisbury Plain. Or
perhaps, the stones may have come by boat around Land’s End and along the south coast of England before heading
upriver and finally overland to Stonehenge. Whatever the route and method, the immensity of the undertaking—
requiring thousands of man-hours and sophisticated logistics—has convinced archaeologists that the bluestones must
have been considered extraordinary by the ancient people.” You decide which letter or letters are best. Then,
explain your choice! (DOES YOUR ANSWER GIVE AN EVIDENCE!?)