unit 3 – growth and change
Section 2
Section 1
chapter 7 nationalism and economy
answer key
Identify and Explain:
- James Monroe
- Rush-Bagot Agreement
- Convention of 1818
- Adams Onis Treaty
- Simon Bolivar
- Monroe Doctrine
P.
226
227
227
229
229
229
How did the War of 1812
inspire Nationalism? P.226
It confirmed U.S. independence from Europe and showed that the nation was
growing and vital.
What agreements did
President Monroe make
with Great Britain? P.227
Rush-Bagot Agreement: Limited each country’s naval presence on Great
lakes. Convention of 1818- allowed fishing in disputed waters and joint
occupation of Oregon Country.
List in chronological order
from 1810 to 1819 the
events that led to the U.S.
acquisition of East Florida.
Jackson’s troops seize Spanish forts; Adams issues ultimatum about
controlling the Seminole Indians; Spain transfers East Florida to the United
States in the Adams-Onis Treaty.
Why did President Monroe
issue the Monroe
Doctrine? P.230
He did not want Europe to gain any additional territory in South America,
because he believed that this would threaten U.S. peace and safety.
Identify and Explain:
- Henry Clay
- American System
- Tariff Act of 1816
- National Road
- Erie Canal
- Market Revolution
- Industrial Revolution
- Samuel Slater
- Eli Whitney
- Panic of 1819
P.
232
232
232
234
234
236
236
237
237
237
What were three main
points of the American
System? P.234
Creation of a National Bank; a protective tariff to encourage industrial
development; and a national transportation system.
How might the U.S.
economy have developed
if the Transportation and
Market Revolutions had
not occurred? P.236
It might have developed more slowly and continued to spread into the regions
of the country where goods were produced.
How did the Industrial
Revolution contribute to
the Panic of 1819? P.237
Encouraged production and new inventions, which led to new businesses;
owners sought new bank loans, which many could not repay when banks
called them in.
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Section 3
Section 4
Identify and Explain:
- Spoils System
- Rotation in office
- Missouri Compromise
- John Quincy Adams
- Andrew Jackson
- Democratic Party
P.
241
242
238
239
239
240
How did the Missouri
Compromise temporarily
resolve the dispute over
slavery? P.239
It admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, thus keeping
the balance of slave and free states in the Senate.
What events made the
1824 election unusual?
P.240
How did the Democratic
Party begin? P.240
Jackson won he popular vote, but no candidate won a majority of electoral
votes; Clay endorsed Adams, which later led to changes of a corrupt bargain;
the House chose Adams.
Jackson’s supporters were known as the Democratic party.
How did Jacksonian
Democracy transform
politics and government?
P.242
Voting no longer required ownership of property; Jackson used the spoils
system and favored rotation in office.
Identify and Explain:
- Nullification
- Pet Banks
- Sequoya
- Indian Removal Act
- Trail of Tears
- John C. Calhoun
- Martin Van Buren
- Specie Circular
- Panic of 1937
- William Harrison
- John Tyler
- Whigs Party
What was President
Jackson’s American Indian
Policy? P.245
P.
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249
248
He wanted to move them west to further prevent conflicts with white people.
He implemented his policy through the Indian Removal Act and the Second
Seminole War
What regional differences
led to the nullification
crisis? P.247
The North benefited from a new tariff, but the South relied on British goods,
which became more costly. Calhoun argued that states had the right to nullify
laws they saw as unconstitutional.
Why did the National bank
become a political issue in
1836? P.247
Jackson opposed the National Bank. Clay supported it and tried to extend its
charter to force an election year showdown.
What led to the Whigs
easy victory in the 1840?
P.249
Bank Failures and the Panic of 1837 led to high inflation and a depression that
severely hurt the re-reelection bid of the Democratic Party incumbent, Martin
Van Buren.
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Section 2
Section 1
chapter 8 regional societies
Identify and Explain:
- Nativism
- Francis Lowell
- Lowell Girls
- John Deere
- Cyrus McCormick
- Elias Howe
- Sarah Bagley
- Know Nothings
P.
261
256
256
257
257
257
258
261
How did Middle Class
families differ from those of
wealthy or poor families?
P.255
Middle Class: Comfortable Homes, Specialization of Women and Male roles,
children did not work.
Wealthy: Lavish homes, attended expensive balls,
Poor: Lived in crowded apartments with few conveniences
How were industrial and
farm production and
domestic life transformed in
the early 1800s? P.257
Industrial: Invention of power loom transformed the factory system.
Farm: Invention of the Deere’s plow and McCormick’s reaper.
Domestic Life; Howe’s invention of a sewing machine.
What issues concerned
trade unions in the early to
mid-1800s and how did
they respond? P.258
Difficult working conditions and low wages; in response, unions sought work
reforms by going on strike.
Which immigrants groups
were targeted by nativists,
and why? P.261
Germans and Roman Catholic Irish; because larger numbers of them were
arriving and because nativists disapproved of Germans customs and feared of
Irish political power.
Identify and Explain:
- Cotton Gin
- Antebellum
- Yeoman Farmers
- Eli Whitney
- Tredegar Iron Works
- William Ellison
P.
263
265
266
263
264
270
What were the major
economic activities in the
South? P.264
Agricultural production of cotton, tobacco, and other crops; some
manufacturing, railroad construction, and mining.
Which groups in southern
society were most likely to
own slaves? P.266
Wealthy planters and other plantation owners were the most likely to own
slaves. Yeoman farmers sometimes owned slaves.
How did culture unite while
southerners? P.269
They shared music and art with a British and African heritage, and Christian
religion.
What rights or freedoms
were free African
Americans in the South
commonly denied. P.270
They were not allowed to vote, attend church, go into business, or learn to
read or write.
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Section 3
Identify and Explain:
- Overseers
- Gabriel Prosser
- Denmark Vesey
- Nat Turner
- Underground Railroad
- Harriet Tubman
P.
272
277
277
277
278
278
What were the various
arguments presented by
slavery’s critics and
supporters? P.271
Critics: Slave labor less profitable, incompatible with liberty and freedom.
Supporters: only was to ensure supply of workers. Slaves were treated better
than northern factory workers.
Describe the labor and
living conditions of slaves.
P.273
They worked from dawn to dusk in the fields, lived in cramped quarters and on
rationed food, and lived in constant fear of being punished.
What were different
characteristics of slave
culture? P.276
It blended customs of African groups, strong family bonds, oral histories, and
folktales, rhythmic music, art, religion, and spirituals.
In what ways did slaves
resist their owners? P. 289
Through small and large uprisings, fake illnesses, and a slow work pace; by
stealing property, setting fire to barns, and running away for a short period.
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Section 1
chapter 9 working for reform
Identify and Explain:
- Denominations
- Utopias
- Transcendentalism
- Second Great Awakening
- Richard Allen
- Shakers
- Ann Lee
- Mormons
- Joseph Smith
- Brigham Young
- Ralph Emerson
- Henry Thoreau
- Unitarians
P.
287
287
290
286
287
288
288
288
288
288
290
290
290
What groups of people
participated in revivals of
the Second Great
Awakening? P. 287
Ordinary people, Free African Americas, white women, and enslaved African
Americans.
How were the Shaker and
Mormon communities
similar? P.288
Both believed in Utopian experiments and created separated communities for
their members.
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Section 2
Section 3
How did
Transcendentalism and
Unitarianism differ from
other Protestant religious
groups? P. 290
They believed human beings could become perfect during their lives; Puritans
believed in predestination.
Identify and Explain:
- Temperance Movement
- Prohibition
- Rehabilitation
- Lyman Beecher
- Catharine Beecher
- Emma Willard
- Mary Lyon
- Horace Mann
- Dorothea Dix
P.
291
292
295
291
293
293
293
294
295
What effect did the
Temperance reforms have
on society? P.292
The Temperance movement reduced alcohol consumption substantially but
alienated some immigrants.
How did economic
changes allow some
women to become
involved in reform
movements? P.293
Economic changes gave rise to the new middle class. Middle class women
often hired servants which allowed them leisure time to become involved in
reform issues.
How did northern
reformers change
education in the early
1800s? P.294
They created state school systems, raised teacher salaries, updated the
curriculum, and trained teachers better. They also created the first public high
school.
How were the mentally ill
Americans, poor
Americans, and criminals
treated in the 1800s? P.296
Mentally ill: caged with little effort at treatment.
Poor: auctioned to work for the lowest bidder.
Criminals: Locked in overcrowded prisons.
Identify and Explain:
- American Colonization Society
- David Walker
- William Garrison
- Liberator
- American Anti-Slavery Society
- Fredrick Douglas
- Sojourner Truth
- Angelina Grimke
- Theodore Weld
- Elijah Lovejoy
P.
297
298
298
298
300
300
300
300
301
301
Why did colonization
efforts fail? P.298
Few Free African Americans wanted to leave the United States.
What contributions did
Walker and garrison make
to the abolition
movement? P.299
Walker published APPEAL TO THE COLORED CITIZENS OF THE WORLD.
Garrison launched the LIBERATOR, an abolitionist newspaper.
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Section 4
How did the American
Anti-Slavery society
spread its message? P.301
It flooded the North and South with antislavery publications, protested
legislation supporting slavery, and sponsored lecture tours by abolitionists like
Frederick Douglas and Sojourner Truth.
How did the abolitionist
movement overcome
difficulties? P.302
The movement kept recruiting new members, and the number of local
abolitionist organization continued to grow.
Identify and Explain:
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Lucretia Mott
- Seneca Falls Convention
- Declaration of Sentiments
- Susan B. Anthony
- Lucy Stone
- Married Women’s
Property Act
P.
304
304
304
304
305
305
307
How did women’s rights
movement grow out of the
abolitionist movement?
P.304
Many women faced opposition to their roles as reformers when they fought for
abolition. This led some women to also fight for women’s rights.
What issues were debated
at the Seneca Falls
Convention? P.305
Women’s suffrage, women’s property rights, custody of children after divorce.
Why was it important for
women to gain property
rights? P.307
Women had to be economically independent in order to be able to fight for their
rights.
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