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In Hold the Flag High, the main character
risked his life to keep the flag from touching
the ground and helped his fellow soldier.
He risked his life so that his fellow soldiers
would not see the flag fall.
Firefighters risk their lives when they rescue
people from burning buildings.
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Comparison and contrast are ways of looking at
objects and thinking about how they are alike
and different.
For instance, all of these items are alike because
they are kinds of food, but there are many ways
that they are different. For instance, they
belong to different food groups. Some must be
cooked before eating, and some can be eaten raw.
When you write comparison and contrast, you
will pay attention to these kinds of details.
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Inferring is a strategy used before, during and after reading.
Predicting is a part of inferring. Inferences need to be based on
references in the text and then mixed with background knowledge.
Students need to be taught how to infer what words mean, the
setting(s) of the story, the answers to the questions the reader doesn't
understand, to what pronouns refer, how to use text to understand
characters, fact from opinion, explanations for events, and the
underlying message from the author. As we continue to grow as
proficient readers, we devote 6 weeks to studying inferring (and how it
integrates with all strategies) around the seventh month of school.
Good readers draw inferences from text. Proficient readers use their
prior knowledge the information from the text to draw conclusions,
make critical judgments, and form unique interpretations from text.
Inference may occur in the form of conclusions, predictions or new
ideas.
The following table lists some common Greek roots
Greek root
Basic meaning
Example words
-anthrop-
human
-chron-
time
-dem-
people
-morph-
form
-path-
feeling, suffering
-pedo-, -ped-
child, children
misanthrope, philanthropy,
anthropomorphic
anachronism, chronic, chronicle,
synchronize, chronometer
democracy, demography, demagogue,
endemic, pandemic
amorphous, metamorphic,
morphology
empathy, sympathy, apathy,
apathetic, psychopathic
pediatrician, pedagogue
-philo-, -phil-
having a strong affinity or
love for
sound
philanthropy, philharmonic,
philosophy
polyphonic, cacophony, phonetics
-phon-
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A noun, in English grammar, is a word that
names a person, animal, place, thing, idea, or
concept. There are more nouns in the English
Language than any other kind of words. For
more information and examples visit What is a
Noun? It covers formation of plural nouns,
common and proper nouns, concrete and abstract
nouns, collective nouns, compound nouns, the
functions of nouns in sentences and more.
Helping Verbs
Main Verbs
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In a verb phrase the
main verb names the
action .
The main verb is to
tell you the action
going on. Ex:
running, jumping, or
throwing.
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The helping verb
helps tell the time of
the action.
Helping verb is to
support the main verb
. Ex: has or have.
Main and helping verbs are helpful because
they help you understand the sentence
better by showing the action going on and
telling you when the action happened.
Ex. She is running down the hill.
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Helping –Is, is telling you if she is running
down the hill in present tense or already ran
down the hill .
Main-Running is telling you what she is doing;
she is running.
Main and helping verbs are helpful because
they help you understand the sentence
better by showing the action going on and
telling you when the action happened.
Ex. She is running down the hill.

Helping –Is, is telling you if she is running
down the hill in present tense or already ran
down the hill .
Main-Running is telling you what she is doing;
she is running.
Main and helping verbs are helpful because
they help you understand the sentence
better by showing the action going on and
telling you when the action happened.
Ex. She is running down the hill.

Helping –Is, is telling you if she is running
down the hill in present tense or already ran
down the hill .
Main-Running is telling you what she is doing;
she is running.
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Verb phrases consist of one main verb and
one or more helping verbs (also called
auxiliary verbs).
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Verb phrases consist of one main verb and
one or more helping verbs (also called
auxiliary verbs).
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What is the main verb
and the helping verb
in the following
sentence? Madison
was running down a
hill.
Helping- Was
Main- Running
 Name
verbs
three helping