MCTS Guide to Microsoft
Windows Server 2008
Applications Infrastructure
Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
Chapter One
Introducing Windows Server 2008
Objectives
• Distinguish among the different Windows Server
2008 editions based on organizational needs
• Describe Windows Server 2008 hardware
requirements
• Discuss reasons for migrating from Windows
Server 2003 to Server 2008
• Describe new Windows Server 2008
enhancements
• Describe Windows Server 2008 roles and features
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Objectives (cont’d.)
• Describe the basic planning phases for a Windows
Server 2008 implementation
• Provide an overview of the primary application
infrastructure tools and capabilities of Windows
Server 2008
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server Editions
• Three general editions of Windows Server 2008
– Standard
– Enterprise
– Datacenter
• Additional special-purpose editions
– Web Server
– High-Performance Computing (HPC)
• All editions except HPC available in 32 and 64-bit
• Installation options include full installation and
Server Core
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Standard
Edition
• Designed for smaller networks and single-purpose
installations
• Suitable for small business networks and special
purposes in large business networks
• Works as single domain server or single
file/application server
• Common supported features in Standard edition
– File and Print Services
– Internet Information Services (IIS) 7.0
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Standard
Edition (cont’d.)
• Common supported features in Standard edition
(cont’d.)
–
–
–
–
Active Directory
Distributed and Encrypting File Systems
Management Tools
Network load balancing
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Enterprise
Edition
• Includes more functionality and has increased cost
compared to Standard edition
• Additional features included in Enterprise edition
–
–
–
–
Increased maximum allowable memory
Active Directory Federation Services
Failover clustering
Installation of up to four virtual machines per
physical host
– Hot-add memory
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Datacenter
Edition
• Includes all features of Enterprise edition with
some additional capabilities
• Additional features in Datacenter edition
– Ability to run up to 32 processors
– Ability to hot-add and replace processors
– Installation of unlimited virtual machines per physical
host
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Web Server 2008
• Provides an operating system designed as a
single-purpose Web server
• Available as a 32-bit and 64-bit operating system
• Server roles not available in Web Server edition
– Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
– Domain Name System (DNS)
– File server
• Web server does not require client access licenses
for users
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows HPC Server 2008
• Designed to accommodate numerous processing
cores
– Built on 64-bit architecture
• Designed to support:
– Desktop applications
– High-performance applications
– Fault tolerant clusters
• SQL Server used as the repository for the Job
Scheduler
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Edition Server
Role Comparison
Table 1-1 Windows Server 2008 server role comparison (continues)
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Table 1-1 Windows Server 2008 server role comparison (cont’d.)
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Hardware
Requirements
• Microsoft provides minimum and recommended
hardware requirements
– Minimum requirements will support only the basic
system
– Organizations will typically need at least the
recommended hardware requirements, if not more
• Organizations should plan for current and future
hardware requirements
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Table 1-2 Microsoft hardware requirements for Windows Server 2008
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Activity 1-1: Installing Windows Server
2008
• This activity steps through installing Windows
Server 2008, version R2
– Insert the Windows Server 2008 R2 DVD in the DVD
drive and restart the computer
– If prompted, boot from the DVD
• The installation program begins
• Confirm that the time, currency format, and keyboard
layout is correct (Figure 1-1)
• Click Next
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Figure 1-1 Install Windows – language and other preferences
©Cengage Learning 2012
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Activity 1-1: Installing Windows Server
2008 (cont’d.)
• Steps (cont’d.)
– Click Install now (Figure 1-2) and enter the product
key for activation
• Click Next
– If you did not enter a product key, a message
appears asking if you want to enter a product key
(Figure 1-3)
• Click No to Install without a product key
– Select the edition of Windows that you purchased
(Figure 1-4)
• Click Next
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Figure 1-2 Install Windows – install now
©Cengage Learning 2012
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Figure 1-3 Install Windows – product key
©Cengage Learning 2012
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Figure 1-4 Install Windows – select edition
©Cengage Learning 2012
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Activity 1-1: Installing Windows Server
2008 (cont’d.)
• Steps (cont’d.)
– Read the Microsoft software license terms
• Click I accept the license terms box (Figure 1-5)
• Click Next
– Select which type of installation you want (Figure 1-6)
• Click Custom (advanced)
– Select where you want to install Windows
• Click the Drive options (advanced) link to display
partitioning options (Figure 1-7)
• Click Next
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Figure 1-5 Install Windows – license terms
©Cengage Learning 2012
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Figure 1-6 Install Windows – installation type
©Cengage Learning 2012
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Figure 1-7 Install Windows – drive options
©Cengage Learning 2012
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Activity 1-1: Installing Windows Server
2008 (cont’d.)
• Steps (cont’d.)
– Windows begins installing Windows Server 2008
• The system will restart one or more times during the
installation process
• Follow any instructions that appear onscreen
– When prompted, enter a password and click the
arrow to submit the new password (Figure 1-8)
• Click OK when alerted that the password has changed
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Figure 1-8 Windows Server 2008 login screen
©Cengage Learning 2012
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Activity 1-1: Installing Windows Server
2008 (cont’d.)
• Steps (cont’d.)
– When Windows Server 2008 starts for the first time,
the Initial Configuration Tasks window displays
• Installation process is streamlined
• Many of the tasks that were required to be entered
during the installation process are now available
through the Initial Configuration Tasks window (Figure
1-9)
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Figure 1-9 Initial configuration tasks screen
©Cengage Learning 2012
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Activity 1-1: Installing Windows Server
2008 (cont’d.)
• Steps (cont’d.)
– Click the task you want to configure
• If you do not want the Initial Configuration Tasks
window to display when Windows Server 2008 starts,
check the Do not show this window at logon check
box
– Click Close when finished configuring tasks
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Migrating from Server 2003 to
Server 2008
• Decision to migrate
– Based on various factors including performance,
reliability, and security
• Organizations seeking an improved applications
server will be quicker to migrate to Server 2008
– Replace member servers as an initial migration path
– Eventually upgrade entire network
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Enhancements
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Improved installation process
Hyper-V
Server Core
TCP/IP improvements
Network Access Protection
Server Manager
Windows Remote Management
PowerShell
Group policy management
Failover clustering
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Improved Installation Process
• Streamlined installation requiring minimal user
input
– Does not ask for networking information or regional
settings
– Settings can be provided through the Initial
Configuration Tasks window
• Initial Configuration Tasks window
– Specify computer information, update and customize
the server
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Hyper-V
• Virtualization
– Conserves system resources
– Enables one or more separate instances of an
operating system to run on a single server system
• Organizations can consolidate multiple systems
into a high-powered server
• Hyper-V: server virtualization capability provided in
Windows Server 2008
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Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Server Core
• Minimal command-line installation of Windows
Server 2008
• Designed to provide a hardened, secure system
– Minimizes exposure and vulnerabilities to security
breaches
• As a role, Server Core can be installed on
Standard, Enterprise, and Datacenter editions
– Select during initial installation of operating system
• To change from Server Core to the Full version
– Reinstall the operating system
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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TCP/IP Improvements
• Key features of the TCP/IP implementation
– Next-Generation TCP/IP stack
• Supports IP version 4 (IPv4) and IP version 6 (IPv6)
– Teredo
• IPv6 technology that encapsulates IPv6 packets as
IPv4 packets to send across IPv4 networks
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Network Access Protection (NAP)
• Protects network from malware
• Helps ensure security policy (health policy) is
enforced within the computers connected to the
network
– Example: if user turns off the Windows Firewall on a
NAP-compatible client, local health policy turns it
back on
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Server Manager
• Server Manager console centralizes the server
management roles
• Major Server Manager categories
–
–
–
–
–
Roles
Features
Diagnostics
Configuration
Storage
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Remote Management
• New feature in Windows Server 2008
• Enables remote administration of the server
– Administrators can remotely run management scripts
and manage data on remote machines
• WS-Management protocol handles connections
– Not vendor specific
• Many features similar to previous versions’
Windows Management Instrumentation
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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PowerShell
• Powerful command-line interface and full scripting
language
– Used for administrative tasks
• First introduced in Microsoft Exchange Server 2007
as the Exchange Management Shell
• Enables stringing commands together
– Passing results of one command to another
command (pipelining)
– Results passed as .NET objects
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Group Policy Management
• Enhancements in Windows Server 2008
– Group Policy preferences
• Preferences applied but not enforced
– More settings and options are available
– Applications can have network location awareness
• Policy can allow access to an application from one
location but not another
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Failover Clustering
• Enables organizations to provide high-availability
for services and applications
• Used for services and applications that cannot
afford downtime
– Examples: file and print services, e-mail servers,
enterprise level databases
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Roles and
Features
• Role
– Major server function or service
• Feature
– Added to enhance or support a role
– Can also provide a standalone service
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Roles in Server 2008
• Categories of roles
– Active Directory roles
– Network roles
– Infrastructure roles
• Active Directory roles provide integrated
management of internal and external resources
• Active Directory roles
– Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS)
– Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Roles in Server 2008 (cont’d.)
• Active Directory roles (cont’d.)
– Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS)
– Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD
LDS)
– Active Directory Rights Management Services (AD
RMS)
• Network roles
– Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
– Domain Name System (DNS)
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Roles in Server 2008 (cont’d.)
• Network roles (cont’d.)
– Network Policy and Access Services
• Infrastructure roles
–
–
–
–
–
–
Remote Desktop Services
Fax Services
Print Services
File Services
Hyper-V
Universal Description, Discover, and Integration
(UDDI) Services
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Roles in Server 2008 (cont’d.)
• Infrastructure roles (cont’d.)
– Web Server / Internet Information Services (IIS)
– Windows Deployment Services (WDS)
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Additional New Features in Windows
Server 2008
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
.NET 3.0 Framework
Windows Desktop Experience
BitLocker Drive Encryption
Network load balancing clusters
Remote server administration tools
Windows Server Backup features
NTFS improvements
Hot-swap
Server Message Block 2.0
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Additional New Features in Windows
Server 2008 (cont’d.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Session Manager Subsystem
User Profiles
Quality Windows Audio Video Experience
Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications
Windows Process Activation Service
Security features
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Planning Windows Server 2008
Networks
• Typical phases of planning and implementing a
Windows Server 2008 network
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–
–
–
–
Project initiation
Project planning
Project execution
Project monitoring and control
Project closing
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Project Initiation
• Identify project needs
– Business goals and objectives
– Information technology goals and objectives that
support them
• Choose needed services and features
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Project Planning
• Develop a project plan
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–
–
–
–
Defines project scope
Outlines needed tasks
Specifies needed resources
Includes a timeline
Defines personnel to participate in the design and
deployment teams
• Must understand existing environment
– Network diagrams, documentation, configurations
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Project Execution
• Acquire hardware, software, and other resources
• Create a lab environment to configure and test the
implementation plan
– Prior to implementation on the actual network
• Revise implementation plan based on findings from
lab environment
• Implement in production environment
• Ensure applications and services have been
thoroughly tested
• Develop user and administrator training plan
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Project Monitoring and Control
• Ensure tasks are being conducted:
– On schedule
– Within budget
– Using scheduled resources
• Monitoring from a technical perspective
– Ensure Server 2008 is optimally configured
– Ensure no conflicts exist with other systems and
applications
• Checkpoints define when a rollback plan will be
executed in case of unexpected problems
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Project Closing
• Project management perspective
– Closing activities ensure tasks were conducted
within allotted timeframe and budget
– Resources utilized efficiently
– Record deviations from plan to adjust future projects
• Technical perspective
– Analyze and verify test results to ensure system
performs as expected
– Document performance measures and benchmarks
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Project Closing (cont’d.)
• Business perspective
– Compare implementation results with business goals
and objectives
– Conduct after-action review
• Record successful aspects
• Identify areas that need improvement
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Overview of Primary Application
Infrastructure Tools and Capabilities
• Application infrastructure
– Composed of Windows Server 2008 systems with
Application Server role configured
– When Application Server role installed, Application
Server Foundation is installed
• Primary Application Server Foundation
Components
– Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
– Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)
– Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Windows
Deployment Services (WDS)
• Combines tools, features, and functionality of
previous versions with new features of Windows
Server 2008
• New features
– Support for current operating system images
– Capability to deploy images using multicast
communications
– Support for 32-bit and 64-bit deployments
– Enhanced functionality for boot and installation
image media (.wim extension)
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Storage
Services
• Disks can be defined as:
– Basic or dynamic
– Master Boot Record (MBR)
– GUID Partition Table (GPT)
• Multiple dynamic disks can be used to create faulttolerant volumes
– Server 2008 supports software-based mirrored
volumes and RAID Level 5
• Storage Area Network capability allows diskless
servers to boot from SAN disks
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Remote
Desktop Services
• Enables clients to remotely connect to a server
– Remotely run applications
– Remote administration
• Clients connect through the Remote Desktop
Connection client
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Web Services
• Enhancements to IIS 7.0 as Web server and
application platform
– Web Server modular service role provides primary
Web server functionality
– Support for common HTTP functionality
– Application Development role
• Enables creating and hosting Web applications
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Network
Application Services
• Windows Media Services
– Free, optional tool to enable digital media streaming
– Can be installed on Server Core
• AD RMS
– Provides Digital Rights Management capability
– Restricts managing, transmitting, and viewing data
• Windows Sharepoint Services 3.0
– Collaboration and document management capability
– Includes document libraries, lists, creation of sites
and workspaces, Web pages, and more
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V
Virtualization
• Virtualization environment interacts directly with
system’s hardware layer
– Eliminates many previous system bottlenecks
caused by virtualized environment dependence on
the host operating system
• Virtualization allows organization to save resources
– Consolidating multiple system environments on one
hardware platform
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Windows Server 2008 for HighAvailability
• Failover clustering
– Services and applications running on a failed node
can be taken offline and moved to a different node
• Network load balancing
– Balances server requests across multiple servers
– Capability can be configured quickly
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Summary
• Microsoft offers different editions of Server 2008
• Organizations will typically need at least the
recommended hardware requirements
• Windows Server provides many enhancements
and improved technologies:
– To support network administrators and improve
server functionality
• Windows Server 2008 roles are organized into
Active Directory, Network, and Infrastructure roles
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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Summary (cont’d.)
• New features in Microsoft Server 2008 include:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
.NET 3.0 Framework
Group Policy Management enhancements
Remote server administration tools
Windows PowerShell
NTFS improvements
Hyper-V Virtualization
Windows Process Activation Service
Enhanced security features
MCTS Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Applications
Infrastructure Configuration (Exam # 70-643)
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