• Identify the four “Progressive Amendments” that took place
from 1890-1920.
• Be sure to identify who the president was when the amendment
passed.
• Amendments __, __, __, __.
7.02 Analyze how different groups of
Americans made economic and
political gains in the Progressive
Period.
• Reformer review:
• Writer who exposed the poor conditions in the tenements
• Opened the Hull House in Chicago which served immigrants and workers.
The opening of the Hull House led to the settlement house movement in
many big cities across the country.
• Temperance Movement gained momentum in the Progressive
Period.
• Originally a movement to limit alcohol; it became a movement to eliminate
alcohol.
• Led to the 18th Amendment (1919) which prohibited the making, sale, or
transportation of alcohol (PROHIBITION).
• Amendment is later repealed by the 21st Amendment.
• Leader in the Temperance
Movement.
• Went into saloons smashing
bottles of liquor with a
hatchet while singing hymns
and reciting Bible verses.
Progressive Movement
• 1901: Theodore Roosevelt (R) became president.
• 1902: Anthracite Coal Mine Strike occurred in
which miners (150,00+) were demanding higher
pay, shorter work days, and union recognition.
Mine owners would not negotiate.
• Roosevelt called both sides to the White House and
threatened to send in army troops.
• Mine owners agreed to a process in which parties
submit their differences to a neutral third party for
judgment. This process is called...
• Roosevelt did not oppose big business, but he did believe
government regulations were necessary.
• Ruling in 1895 United States v. EC Knight Company went
against the government and stated monopolies could not be
broken up.
• Roosevelt felt that any monopoly was harmful.
• Elkins Act restrained railroads by making rebates illegal.
• Northern Securities v. US (1904), Roosevelt tried to break up the
railroad monopoly in the Northwest. The Supreme Court ruled
the company violated the Sherman Antitrust Act and must be
broken up.
• Theodore Roosevelt gains the nickname, “The Trustbuster.”
• Theodore Roosevelt agreed not to run for reelection
in 1908 and endorsed his friend, Taft.
• Not the reformer as Roosevelt, Taft championed a
number of progressive causes
• Mann-Elkins Act: expanded power of the
Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate
telephone and telegraph rates (these companies
had to cross state lines)
• Brought more antitrust cases to court than TR did!
• Ex: American Tobacco v. US in which the Duke family
(NC) had a monopoly over tobacco manufacturing.
Supreme Court ruled the company must be broken up.
James “Buck” Duke –(Duke University)
• Payne-Aldrich Tariff (1909): Taft wanted to lower
tariffs to help consumers. However, Congress
modified the tariff and taxes rose before it was
signed into law.
• Outraged, Theodore Roosevelt who came back to run in
the election of 1912.
• Candidates
• Woodrow Wilson (D).
• Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive Party)
• William Howard Taft (R)
• Republicans split over which candidate to vote for (Taft or
Roosevelt).
• Progressive Party was nicknamed the “Bull Moose Party” after
TR stated that he was, “Stronger than a bull moose.”
• Many women joined the party
• Progressives argued for direct election of senators.
• Democrat, Wilson, won the election and entered office in 1913.
• In the election of 1912, Wilson ran
opposed big business and big government.
• Desired to enforce antitrust laws without
threatening free economic competition.
• Federal Reserve Act (1913) established an
organization to oversee banking, control
circulation of money, and help prevent bank
failures.
• Clayton Antitrust Act (1914) make strikes,
peaceful protest, and boycotts legal.
(Employers could no longer break up labor
unions.)
The Progressive Period
Congress now had the power to collect
taxes on the incomes of businesses and
individuals. This amendment increased the
federal government’s revenue and
eliminated the need to tax according to the
proportions of state populations
This law established the US senators
would be elected directly by the
people, rather than by state
legislatures.
The government prohibited the making,
selling, or transporting of alcoholic
beverages. This amendment was later
repealed by the twenty-first Amendment.
Gave women
the right to vote.
• Most famous figure for reforming
state government
• Political leader who gain national
attention as a reformer
• Wisconsin governor from 1901 to
1906.
• 1903 adoption of direct primary
(people choose the candidates in
political races rather than by party
bosses)
• “Wisconsin Idea” laid out a plan for
a merit system for civil service and
state regulations (and taxes) on
railroads.
• Within 10 years, every state adopted
the direct primary reform
Recall
• Special election to remove corrupt
officials
• Allowing citizens to vote directly on
government proposed laws
• Allowing citizens of a state to force a
vote on particular issues (force the
representative to vote the way the
voters want)
• Allowing citizens to vote in secret. Also
known as the…
• Hiram Johnson—California
• Theodore Roosevelt—New York
• Woodrow Wilson—New Jersey
• Roosevelt and Wilson later became Presidents and
brought reforms to the White House.
• Political machines and corrupt bosses like _________________
left people calling for reform in the cities.
• Many new models for running the city emerged.
• Commissions were groups elected by the people that ran the city instead
of a mayor or individual.
• City manager could be hired and answered to the commission (or city
council) who were elected by the people.
• By the early 1920’s, nearly 300 cities had city managers.
• City Councils came to be used to hold elected leaders, such
as mayors
• Page 142 #1-3
• Number 3 MUST be answered in complete sentences.
• Add to the responses from page 138.
• REMEMBER that this will be turned in as ONE
assignment once Goal 7 is completed.
• In assigned groups, create a poster visual to hang in the
classroom reminding you of Progressive Amendments to the
Constitution during the time period 1890-1920.
• 16, 17, 18, 19
• You MUST use a visual for each amendment and explain the
amendment in your own words.
• USE markers and lots of color. You want this to be an eyecatcher.