Introduction to ANATOMY
 Terminology
 Anatomical Position
 Basic Movements
 Ten Biological Systems
TERMINOLOGY
Anatomy
– a branch of science that deals with the structural organization of
___________________how they are built and what they consist of.
 The ________________ of the body and its organs
Physiology
– is concerned with basic processes such as____________________
___________________________________________________as they
occur within the various systems of the body.
 How all the parts of the body______________________
Exercise Physiology
– a branch of physiology, exercise physiologists concentrate their
research specifically on ______________________________________
___________________________________________________________
THE ANATOMICAL POSITION
• _______________________________
_______________________________
» UNIVERSAL ____________________
when discussing anatomy so that all
people know exactly what is being
discussed no matter what country or
language.
» diagrams that portray the body in an
______________________________
___________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
________________________(with palms
facing forward).
THE ANATOMICAL PLANES
 the anatomical planes relate to positions in space and are
at right angles to one another.
Posterior
Medial
Superior
Lateral
Medial
Lateral
Anterior
Inferior
___________
___________
___________
___________
______________
______________
ANATOMICAL PLANES
_______________ Plane – “divides” the body
into superior and inferior segments.
_______________Plane – “divides” the body
into medial and lateral segments.
______________________Plane – “divides”
the body into anterior and posterior
segments.
THE ANATOMICAL AXES
 the general rule is that the axis of rotation is always
perpendicular to the plane of movement
____________
Axis
_____________
Axis
____________
Axis
THE ANATOMICAL AXES
__________________________axis – is in the
“north-south” relationship to the anatomical
position
___________________________axis – is in the
“east-west” relationship to the anatomical
position.
_______________________ axis – is in a “frontto-back” relationship to the anatomical
position.
Relationship between Planes and Axes
Axis of Rotation Plane of Motion
Example
Flexion, extension
Rotation of
extremities, axial
rotation
Abduction,
adduction
Describing Position and Movement
•
•
•
•
Anterior / Posterior
Superior / Inferior
Medial / Lateral
Proximal / Distal
This is the time to start a glossary. In your note books write down
the terms and find the definitions. Make sure you don’t only write
them down but you know how to demonstrate them.
BASIC MOVEMENTS
•
•
•
•
•
flexion / extension
abduction / adduction
internal / external
rotation
circumduction
supination / pronation
•
•
•
•
•
protraction / retraction
dorsiflexion / plantar flexion
eversion / inversion
elevation / depression
opposition / reposition
Helpful Hints
• In the anatomical position, all flexion/extension
occurs in the ______________ plane; all
abduction/adduction occurs in
the_______________plane; and all rotation
occurs in the _____________________ plane.
• More involved movements are usually not in
one specific plane but occurs as a
______________________________________
from more than one plane.
The Ten Biological Systems of the Human Body
1. The ____________ System
– Supports the body, protects vital organs, works in conjunction with
the muscles to cause movement.
2. The ____________ System
– Consists of 3 types of tissue: skeletal, smooth and cardiac.
3. The ____________ System
– Consists of the lungs and the airways leading to them.
4. The ____________ System
– Serves to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body and remove
waste products from it.
5. The ____________ System
– Oversees all the other systems and acts as a kind of control centre.
6. The ____________ System
– Allows the body to break down food into simpler substances
so they can enter the blood stream.
7. The ____________ System
– Consists of specialized organs that allow males and females
to reproduce.
8. The ____________ System
– Helps to defend the body against infection and disease.
9. The ____________ System
– Consists of glands that secrete hormones that regulate
various activities (metabolism, growth, development).
10. The ____________ System
– Allows the body to eliminate waste products and regulate its
water and chemical balance.