HAPPY THURSDAY
BELLWORK:
Write the correct tropism to each scenario.
1. You place a lily plant in your windowsill to observe the
movement of the flower. Phototropism
2. The roots of a rosebush absorb the moisture provided by
the rain.
Hydrotropism
3. A vine uses the nearby fence to latch onto. Thigmotropism
4. As a seed begins to germinate, the roots grow downward
Gravitropism
and the stem grow upward.
Plant Notecards
Pre-AP Biology
Due Friday (3/6/15)
1. Adenosine
Triphosphate
(ATP)
2. Anther
3. Cellular
Respiration
4. Filament
5. Flower
6. Gametophyte
7. Germination
8. Glucose
9. Gravitropism
10. Guard cells
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Hydrotropism
Leaf
Ovary
Ovule
Petal
Phloem
Photosynthesis
Phototropism
Pistil
Pollen
Pollination
Roots
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
Sepal
Spore
Stamen
Stem
Stigma
Stoma
Style
Thigmotropism
Transpiration
Vascular Tissue
Xylem
-Extra Credit
-Fungi/Protist Quiz
Redo
**Due tomorrow**
Only here till 3:30pm
Essential Question: How do
the reproductive and
response systems interact
(work together or overlap) in
a plant?
Standard: Describe the interactions that occur among
systems that perform the functions of transport,
reproduction, and response in plants. (B10B)
Anticipation Guide:
Decide if the following statements are
true or false with your partner
1. Some plants are single celled organisms
2. Plants are prokaryotic and animals are
eukaryotic
3. Plants are photosynthetic autotrophs
4. Plants have chitin in their cell walls
5. Pollination is a part of plant reproduction
6. There are carnivorous plants
I. Plantae Kingdom
A. Plants are multicellular
eukaryotes that have cell
walls made of cellulose.
B. Plants perform
photosynthesis using
chlorophyll.
1. Most plants are
fully autotrophs, but
some are not.
2. Autotrophs are
organisms that make
their own food.
C. Photosynthesis in Plants
1. Plants use the energy from sunlight to carry out
photosynthesis.
2. All plant cells need a constant supply of water
because it is used in photosynthesis.
LABEL
THIS!
3. Plants also need carbon dioxide to carry out
photosynthesis (making food) and oxygen to carry out
cellular respiration (making energy).
D. Plant Structures and
Functions
1. Plants take up water and
nutrients through their roots,
but make food in their leaves.
2. Plants have special tissues
that move water and nutrients
up from the soil, and others
that distribute the products of
photosynthesis (oxygen and
glucose) throughout the plant
body.
Vascular tissue:
specialized tissue
used to move
water and
nutrients
throughout a
plant.
a) Xylem: carries water
upward from the roots to
every part of the plant.
b) Phloem: transports food
produced by photosynthesis.
c) The combination of xylem
and phloem allows some
plants to move water,
nutrients, and other dissolved
materials from one end of the
plant to another.
The three main
organs of seed
plants are roots,
stems, and leaves.
Roots
• Hold plant in position
• Absorb water and
minerals from the
soil
• Specialized cells
(root hairs) to
increase surface area
for water intake
5. Stems are
supporting
structures that
connect roots and
leaves, carrying
water and nutrients
between them.
Leaves are organs that perform photosynthesis and
contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue.
a) The cuticle is a thick waxy layer of the epidermis
(surface) that protects the leaf against water loss and injury.
Stomata: openings in
the underside of the leaf
that allow carbon
dioxide and oxygen to
diffuse (move) into and
out of the leaf.
Guard cells: specialized
cells in the epidermis
that control the opening
and closing of stomata.
Let’s learn from the Frizz…
Transpiration is the loss of water through leaves.
Osmotic
pressure keeps
a plant’s leaves
and stems rigid.
Wilting results
from the lack of
water—and
therefore of the
pressure in a
plant’s cells.
Cones produce the
seeds of some types of
plants (gymnosperms).
Flowers hold the seeds
of other types of
plants (angiosperms).
Think-Pair-Share
How do the leaves, stem, and roots
work together to help a plant
maintain homeostasis?
Plant Parts/Systems
• Reproductive System =
Flower (with male and
female parts)
• Transport System = tissues
in stem
• Nutrient System = Leaf +
Root
• Structural Support System
= Stem + Roots
All of these parts and systems work together
to help a plant maintain homeostasis.
Flowers are
reproductive
organs made of
four kinds of
leaves: sepals,
petals, stamens,
and carpels.
Sepals surround the flower
bud before it opens, and
protect the flower while it is
developing. Sepals are green
in many plants.
Petals are brightly colored
and found inside the sepals.
They attract insects and
other pollinators to the
flower.
The two main male parts of the flower are the anther, which
contains the pollen, and the filament, which holds up the
anther. Together they make up the stamen.
Male Reproductive Structure
A = Anther
F = Filament
The three main
female parts of
a flower are the
stigma, style,
and ovary.
Together they
make up the
carpel/pistil
The ovary
surrounds and
protects the
seeds.
The stigma is where pollen lands and
pollination begins. The style connects the
stigma to the ovary.
Female Reproductive Structure
The (sticky) stigma receives
the pollen from the anther
The pollen grows a tube down
through the style
Meiosis occurs in the ovary to
produce ovules
J = Stigma
K = Style
L = Ovary
O = Ovule
Pollination is when
pollen is transferred
(moved) from the
male structure
(stamen) of one
flower to the
female structure
(pistil/carpel) of
another flower.
A pollen grain is a
tiny structure that
contains the entire
male gamete. It
can be carried to
other flowers by
wind, insects, or
small animals.
So, this is what
sexual
reproduction in
plants looks
like...awkward
Pollination: the transfer of pollen from the anther to
the stigma
Click to view the animation
Cross-pollination: pollen travels from one flower to another.
**This is desirable in plants as it promotes genetic variation.
Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the
anther onto the stigma of the same flower
Self-pollination is
not desirable as it
reduces genetic
variation
When a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower, it
begins to grow a pollen tube. The pollen tube grows down
the style and eventually reaches the flower’s ovary.
Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the
pollen grain down through the style to the ovule
stigma
style
carpel
ovary
ovule
Click to view the
animation
Note: Petals not shown in
order to simplify diagram
Fertilization: occurs when the pollen (male gamete) fuses with
the ovule (the female gamete) **SEXUAL REPRODUCTION**
Click to view the
animation
Cone-bearing plants
(gymnosperms) are
usually pollinated by wind
spreading their seeds.
Flower-bearing plants
(angiosperms) are
typically pollinated by
animals spreading pollen
from one flower to
another.
Plants have adaptations
like bright colors and
sweet nectar in order to
attract pollinators.
A seed is the embryo of a plant, surrounded by a food
supply and encased in a protective covering.
An embryo is an organism in the early stages of
development.
The seed coat surrounds and protects the embryo
and keeps the contents of the seed from drying out.
A fruit is a wall of tissue surrounding the seed and attracting
animals to eat the fruit. When an animal eats a fruit, the
seeds inside it travel through the animal’s digestive system
and may get deposited many miles from the original plant.
Seeds dispersed by wind are typically lightweight, allowing them to
be carried in the air or to float on the surface of the water. Seeds
dispersed by animals are usually contained in sweet, fleshy fruits.
The two classes of angiosperms (flowering plants) are
monocots and dicots.
Plant Quiz
1. Where is pollen made?
stigma
sepal
anther
ovary
Plant Quiz
2. Where is the ovule found in a flower?
petals
style
nectary
ovary
Plant Quiz
3. Pollination is the transfer from….?
the stigma to anther
style to stamen
ovule to filament
anther to stigma
Plant Quiz
4. Cross-pollination…
Increases variation
Decreases variation
Is only performed by insects
Is only performed by wind
Plant Quiz
6. Flowers are adapted for animal-pollination by…
Having bright petals and a scent
Having a nectary
Having feathery stigmas
Having sticky stigmas
Plant Quiz
7. Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in
the picture
water
mechanical
wind
animal
Plant Quiz
8. Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in
the picture
animal
mechanical
water
wind