Independent Clauses
 Independent clauses consist of both a subject and a




verb. An independent clause will always express a
complete thought.
SUBJECT + VERB = complete thought.
My dog loves pizza crusts.
The subject is __________________.
The verb is ___________________.
Dependent Clauses
 A dependent clause also has a subject and a verb.
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


However, a dependent clause does not express a
complete thought. A dependent clause by itself is
called a fragment.
SUBJECT + VERB = incomplete thought.
As cola splashed onto the counter
Because my dog loves pizza crusts
Will not pass the “Guess what?!” test
Independent or Dependent?
A. Marcus has no consideration for the ecosystem rich
with life in his backyard.
B. When he cuts the lawn, he slows for nothing.
C. As toads, lizards, and insects jump to the sanctuary
of bushes to avoid the deadly mower blades.
Conjunctions
 A conjunction connects together words or groups of
words.
 They connect phrases, words, or clauses
 There are three types of conjunctions.
 Coordinating conjunctions connects things which are
equally important in the sentence.
 Subordinating conjunctions connect a dependent
clauses to independent clauses.
 Correlative conjunctions work in pairs to join two
equally important parts of a sentence.
Coordinating Conjunctions
 A coordinating conjunction is like a good
matchmaker; it joins together two grammatical
equals (word to word, phrase to phrase, and clause to
clause). Unlike a good matchmaker, however, a
coordinating conjunction always comes between
what it is joining.
FANBOYS
The Seven Coordinating Conjunctions:
FANBOYS
F
A
N
B
O
Y
S
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Practice!!
A. Rocky, my orange tomcat, loves having his head
scratched, but hates getting his claws trimmed.
B. Rocky terrorizes the oodles next door, yet adores the
German shepherd across the street.
C. Rocky refuses to eat dry cat food, nor will he touch a
saucer of squid eyeball stew.
Subordinate Conjunctions
 Subordinate conjunctions are used to introduce
dependent (subordinate) clauses and connect them to
independent clauses.
 A subordinate conjunction must be the first word of
the dependent clause.
Some Common Subordinate Conjunctions
After
Although
As
Because
Before
How
If
Once
Since
Than
That
Though
Unless
Even
though
Until
Rather
than
When
As long
as
In order
that
Provided
that
Why
Where Whether While
Whereve
Whenever Even if
r
So that
Than
Though
Practice!!
A. Even though the broccoli was covered in cheddar
cheese, Emily refused to eat it.
B. Tanya did poorly on her history exam because her
best friend Giselle insisted on gossiping during their
study session the night before.
C. Jonathon spent his class time reading comic books
since his average was a 45 one week before final
exams.
Correlative Conjunctions
 Correlative conjunctions are word pairs that serve to
join words or groups or words.
 Neither Claudia nor Peter had been to Mexico before.
 They found it not only beautiful but also rich in
history.
Some Correlative Conjunctions
both…
and
whether
…or
not only…
but also
neither…
nor
either…
or
Practice!!
A. "Neither the life of an individual nor the history of a
society can be understood without understanding
both." (C. Wright Mills)
B. “Either you decide to stay in the shallow end of the
pool or you go out in the ocean."
(Christopher Reeve)
C. "I have neither been there nor done that." (Bart
Simpson, The Simpsons, 1999)