EQ: How did the Industrial
Revolution begin in Europe?
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Key Terms: Agricultural Revolution,
enclosure, cottage industry, textiles, factory
system
Changes in the British Economy

Agricultural Revolution
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Started by the Enclosure Movement
wealthy landowners buy up land, enclosed w/
fences or hedges

tenants forced to move to cities
Results of Experiments
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Crop Rotation
 Rotate crops: certain crops returned
nutrients to the soil
Selective Breeding
 Allowed only best animals to breed----led to
more food
Better farming techniques led to more food
 England’s population increased, demand for
more goods
Industrial Revolution started in
England

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Large population—more workers
Extensive natural resources
 Water power and coal
 Iron ore: make tools, machines, and
buildings
 Rivers: transportation
 Harbors
Growing Economy
Businessmen invested in industry

Political Stability
 No wars fought on English soil
 Parliament passed laws to encourage and
protect business
 Britain had all factors of production—land,
labor, and capital
These factors all led to the Industrial
Revolution, when more products were
machine-made
The first area of production to become
industrialized was textiles (cloths)

John Kay: Flying Shuttle (1733)
 doubled work a weaver could do

James Hargreaves: Spinning Jenny (1764)
 1 spinner work 8 threads at a time

Edmund Cartwright: Power Loom (1787)
 sped up weaving
Results of Inventions
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Factory System

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Machines were bulky and expensive
 Took out of house (domestic system)
wealthy merchants set machines up in factories
 built near water at first