FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS, ETHERS AND THIOLS
1.
Name the molecules below:
H3C
H3C
O
OH
CH3
H3C
CH3
a.
butyl methyl ether
HO
CH3
c. 2-hydroxy-3-hexenol
b. 2-butanol
CH3
HO
H3C
OH
O
ethyl methyl ether
HO
d. 1,2,3-propane triol
CH3
e. toluene
f. CH3CH2OCH3
glycerol
H3C
OH
CH3CH(OH)(CH2)3CH3
OH
OH
CH3
H3C
CH3
g. m-ethyl phenol
CH3
h.
4-phenyl-3-hexanol
2-hexanol
i.
2. Arrange molecules a-f above in order of increasing boiling point:
___E______ < ___F_______ < ___A_____ < __B______ < __C_______ < ____D_____
3. Arrange molecules a-f above in order of increasing water solubility:
___E______ < ____A______ < ___F_____ < ____C____ < ____B_____ < ____D______
4. What is fermentation? How is the “proof” of an alcoholic beverage calculated.
The process of breaking down sugar to form alcohol. 2 x alcoholic content
5. Draw ethylene glycol. (1,2 ethanediol). What is it used for? antifreeze
6. State one common use for phenols.
Antiseptics, making plastics, dyes, indicators
7. What was diethyl ether originally used for? Why is it no longer in use? anesthesia, harmful side effects
8. How do alcohols act as acids? How do they act as bases?
O
R
Acids: lose H+ to form:
-
1
R
2
+
H+
H
O
R
Bases: gain H+ to form:
+
1
R
2
H
+
HO
-
9. Write out each reaction below. Include structural diagrams for the products and reactants:
a)
Isopropyl alcohol (strong acid, above 180◦)
acid
OH
H3C
+
H3C
180°C
CH3
H2O
CH2
b) 2- butanol + chloroethane (Na catalyst)
+
OH
CH3
Cl
H3C
CH3
HCl
H3C
CH3
c)
+
O
Na
CH3
1 propanol (strong acid, 140°C)
+
H3C
acid
HO
140 °C
CH3
OH
+
H3C
H2O
O
CH3
d)
1-propanol (oxidation) 2 products
(O)
H3C
OH
(O)
H3C
H3C
O
O
HO
e). 2-butanol (oxidation)
O
OH
H3C
H3C
CH3
f)
2-methyl-2-pentanol (oxidation)
CH3
NO REACTION
10. Write out the complete reaction mechanism for one of the reactions above.