Chapter 6 and 8 Exam- Make-Up
1. The Royal Society of London, founded in 1662, was one of the first
a. Societies dedicated to geographic exploration
b. Groups to stage Shakespearean plays
c. Literary clubs
d. Scientific societies
e. Political clubs
2. “Ecrasez l’infame!,” Voltaire’s slogan of “crush the infamous thing,” called for the suppression
of
a. The Church
b. Immorality
c. The French monarchy
d. Censorship
e. French universities
3. Rousseau’s concept of the ideal government was centered on
a. The general will
b. A strengthened monarchy
c. A theocracy
d. Abolition of the government
e. A strengthened army
4. A moderate proposal that called on France to adopt a political system similar to Great Britain was
an element espoused by Montesquieu in
a. The Social Contract
b. The Spirit of Laws
c. The Encyclopedia
d. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
e. Two Treatises on Civil Government
5. A philosophe of eighteenth century France would be likely to
a. Advocate the nationalist aspirations of the monarchy
b. Ridicule the idea of progress
c. Support the political theories advocated by Hobbes
d. Oppose religious intolerance and superstition
e. Reject the mechanistic world-view advanced by earlier scientists
6. “Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains… . How did this change come about? I do not
know. What can make it legitimate? That question I think I can answer.” These words began the
famous work treating the social contract by
a. Edmund Burke
b. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
c. John Locke
d. Ferdinand de Lesseps
e. Denis Diderot
7. Locke’s Treatises on Civil Government allowed subjects to revolt, provided that the
a. Revolution was not violent
b. Government had violated the rights of its citizens
c. Poor had been oppressed
d. Government had not held elections
e. Government was a monarchy
8. The belief that the only way to defend people from one another is to set up an absolute
government is a principle of
a. John Locke
b. Rousseau
c. Thomas Hobbes
d. Montesquieu
e. Voltaire
9. Catherine the Great
a. Introduced reforms easing the burden on the serfs
b. Inaugurated the Slavophile movement
c. Annexed the Maritime Provinces of Manchu China
d. Extended Russia’s territorial holdings by ousting the Crimean Tatars
e. Reduced the power of the nobility
10. All of the following were “enlightened despots” between 1750 and 1815 EXCEPT
a. Louis XV
b. Catherine the Great
c. George III
d. Joseph II
e. Frederick II
11. Scientific research conducted in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries did all of the following
EXCEPT
a. Assumed an international scope as governments supported scientific inquiry, hoping
discoveries would have immediate, practical application
b. Laid firm foundations in physics, chemistry, and medicine as independent and rapidly
expanding disciplines
c. Was strongly supported by the Church as a way to explain evidence in the Scriptures
d. Was stimulated by the belief that the comprehension of and harnessing fot he laws of
nature would benefit mankind
e. Received the encouragement of rulers who saw the practical value of discoveries to the
mercantilist policies of their states
12. Who was the most successful enlightened political ruler of the 18th century?
a. Catherine the Great
b. Louis XV
c. Maria Theresa
d. Frederick the Great
e. Joseph II
13. Enclosures were required
a. To reinforce the concept of private property
b. To eliminate continuing boundary disputes
c. To permit scientific farming
d. To assist in accurate property tax collections
e. To permit the newly rich to acquire property
14. Which of the following was partitioned and annexed by three powerful neighbors in the late 18th
century?
a. Italy
b. Poland
c. Finland
d. Sweden
e. Spain
15. Hohenzollern authority in ruling Prussia depended on the cooperation and support of the
a. Bankers
b. Junkers
c. Courts
d. Constitution
e. Intellectuals
16. “By pursuing his own interest (every individual) frequently promotes that of society more
effectively than when her really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by
those who affected to trade for the public good.” This passage expresses the opinion of
a. Voltaire
b. Isaac Newton
c. Adam Smith
d. David Ricardo
e. Johann Sebastian Bach
17. Which of the following was a consequence of the Scientific Revolution?
a. People began to put more faith in human reason
b. More witchcraft trials
c. Less tolerance for those of other cultures
d. People began to trust intuition and emotion more
e. All of the above
18. Which of the following countries was LEAST effective at creating Enlightened Despotism?
a. Russia
b. Austria
c. Prussia
d. Portugal
e. France
19. Which of the following is a modern example of comparative advantage?
a. Canada and Russia are equally efficient at producing wheat.
b. The US can make iPhones more efficiently while Japan can make Nintendo more
efficiently.
c. Mexico decides to produce clothing even though China can do so more efficiently.
d. The UK tries to become as efficient as the US at making cars.
20. David Ricardo
a. Advocated the invisible hand of the economy
b. Supported mercantilism
c. Developed the concept of comparative advantage
d. Promoted socialism
e. Developed the laws of supply and demand
21. Adam Smith developed
a. The laws of gravity
b. The idea of social contract
c. The heliocentric model of the solar system
d. The laws of supply and demand
e. Comparative advantage
22. Which of the following people was instrumental in the Polish national movement to try to keep
Poland free from invasion?
a. Stanislas Poniatowski
b. Emelian Pugachev
c. Edmund Burke
d. Maupeou
e. David Hume
23. Diderot compiled which of the following?
a. Principia Mathematica
b. Discourse on Methods
c. Novum Organum
d. Wealth of Nations
e. Encyclopedie
24. Who advocated freedom of the press during the British Reform Movement?
a. Robert Walpole
b. Rousseau
c. Edmund Burke
d. Thomas Paine
e. John Wilkes
25. Edmund Burke wanted
a. Parliament to stay the way it was
b. A redistricting so Parliament would more evenly represent the people
c. American independence
d. All citizens of Britain (including those in colonies) to be represented in Parliament
e. None of the above
26. The Battle of Saratoga helped the Americans during their Revolution by
a. Securing aid from the French
b. Ending the American Revolution
c. Kicking the British out of the Americas
d. Securing the capital of the United States
e. All of the above
27. Which of the following is a consequence of the American Revolution?
a. A new form of government in the Americas
b. More push for Parliamentary reform in Britain
c. A weakening of European hold on colonies
d. Revolutionary tendencies in France
e. All of the above